Nokea
he psychoanalytical perspective was profounded by
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious drives and early experiences.
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A hospitalized patient, injured in a fall while intoxicated, believes spiders are spinning entrapping webs in the room. The patient is anxious, agitated, and diaphoretic. Which nursing intervention has priority?
- A. Check the patient every 15 minutes.
- B. Rigorously encourage fluid intake.
- C. Provide one-on-one supervision.
- D. Keep the room dimly lit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Provide one-on-one supervision. This intervention has priority because the patient is experiencing hallucinations, agitation, and anxiety, which can pose a risk to their safety. One-on-one supervision ensures constant monitoring and immediate intervention if the patient's condition deteriorates. Checking the patient every 15 minutes (A) may not provide timely intervention. Encouraging fluid intake (B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Keeping the room dimly lit (D) may not address the patient's hallucinations and agitation adequately.
Ecosystems perspective differs from Social Constructionist perspective in that the ecosystems perspective is focused on the present and the anticipated future, rather than on the past. Social constructionist perspective, on the other hand, focuses more on the past and present instead of the future.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecosystems considers all timeframes; social constructionism emphasizes present meaning-making.
Under what conditions is the DOT program most successful?
- A. When DOT is carried out in a way that is convenient for a patient to enable completion of the recommended therapy
- B. When DOT is monitored directly by an attending physician at a local health center
- C. When DOT is only administered when the patient's symptoms of illness are most severe, based on the patient's wishes
- D. When DOT is administered when the patient cooperates with hospital instructions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convenience ensures patients can complete DOT, critical for its success.
Why are cardiovascular medications, such as beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists, used in patients with anxiety?
- A. Block manifestations: Tremors
- B. Palpitations
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Sweating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Block manifestations: Tremors. Beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists are used in patients with anxiety to block physical manifestations such as tremors. Beta blockers reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the body, including tremors. Alpha-2 receptor agonists also help reduce physical symptoms by decreasing the release of norepinephrine. Palpitations (B), tachycardia (C), and sweating (D) are also physical symptoms of anxiety, but beta blockers and alpha-2 receptor agonists primarily target tremors in this context.
Carol, a nurse in a family medicine outpatient clinic, conducts initial interviews when new families are referred. She has just finished interviewing a mother who has come to the clinic with her three children, ages 5, 7, and 11. The mother says to the oldest child, 'You have been such a help to me, playing with your brothers while I talk to the nurse.' In assessing family interaction, the nurse recognizes this statement as a direct indicator of which of the following?
- A. Family climate
- B. Family members’ expectations
- C. Handling differences
- D. Self-concept reinforcement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Self-concept reinforcement. The mother's statement to the oldest child acknowledges and reinforces the child's positive behavior of helping with siblings, which can contribute to enhancing the child's self-concept. This type of positive reinforcement can boost the child's self-esteem and self-worth. It also indicates that the mother values and appreciates the child's role in the family dynamic, which can have a positive impact on the child's self-perception and confidence.
A: Family climate - While the mother's statement may reflect a positive family climate, the focus is more on individual behavior and self-concept reinforcement.
B: Family members’ expectations - The statement does not directly relate to expectations but rather acknowledges the child's helpful behavior.
C: Handling differences - The statement does not pertain to resolving conflicts or differences within the family but rather highlights positive behavior.