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Health care professionals are involved in the promotion of health as much as in the treatment of disease. Health promotion has evolved as a part of health care for many reasons. Which of the following factors has most influenced the growing emphasis on health promotion?
- A. A changing definition of health
- B. An awareness that wellness exists
- C. An expanded definition of chronic illness
- D. A belief that disease is preventable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The concept of health promotion has evolved because of a changing definition of health and an awareness that wellness exists at many levels of functioning. The other options are incorrect because health promotion has not evolved because we know that wellness exists or a belief that disease is preventable. No expanded definition of chronic illness has caused the concept of health promotion to evolve.
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A public health nurse understands that health promotion should continue across the lifespan. When planning health promotion initiatives, when in the lifespan should health promotion begin?
- A. Adolescence
- B. School age
- C. Preschool
- D. Before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion should begin prior to birth because the health practices of a mother prior to the birth of her child can be influenced positively or negatively. This makes the other options incorrect.
A public health nurse is preparing to hold a series of health-promotion classes for middle-aged adults that will address a variety of topics. Which site would best meet the learning needs of this population?
- A. A well-respected physicians office
- B. A large, local workplace
- C. The local hospital
- D. An ambulatory clinic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The workplace has become a center for health-promotion activity. Health-promotion programs can generally be offered almost anywhere in the community, but the workplace is often more convenient for the adult, working population. This makes this option preferable to a hospital, doctors office, or ambulatory clinic.
A team of public health nurses are doing strategic planning and are discussing health promotion activities for the next year. Which of the following initiatives best exemplifies the principles of health promotion?
- A. A blood pressure clinic at a local factory
- B. A family planning clinic at a community center
- C. An immunization clinic at the largest local mall
- D. A workplace safety seminar
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Health promotion may be defined as those activities that assist people in developing resources that maintain or enhance well-being and improve their quality of life. A family planning clinic meets these criteria most closely. Workplace health and safety would be considered a protection service. A blood pressure clinic and immunization clinic would fall under the category of preventive services.
The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a 51-year-old woman diagnosed with urinary retention secondary to multiple sclerosis. The nurse will teach the patient to self-catheterize at home upon discharge. What teaching method is most likely to be effective for this patient?
- A. A list of clear instructions written at a sixth-grade level
- B. A short video providing useful information and demonstrations
- C. An audio-recorded version of discharge instructions that can be accessed at home
- D. A discussion and demonstration between the nurse and the patient
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Demonstration and practice are essential ingredients of a teaching program, especially when teaching skills. It is best to demonstrate the skill and then give the learner ample opportunity for practice. When special equipment is involved, such as urinary catheters, it is important to teach with the same equipment that will be used in the home setting. A list of instructions, a video, and an audio recording are effective methods of reinforcing teaching after the discussion and demonstration have taken place.
A nurse is planning care for an older adult who lives with a number of chronic health problems. For which of the following nursing diagnoses would education of the patient be the nurses highest priority?
- A. Risk for impaired physical mobility related to joint pain
- B. Functional urinary incontinence related decreased mobility
- C. Activity intolerance related to contractures
- D. Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to nonadherence to therapeutic regimen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For some nursing diagnoses, education is a primary nursing intervention. These diagnoses include risk for ineffective management of therapeutic regimen, risk for impaired home management, health-seeking behaviors, and decisional conflict. The other options do not have patient education as the highest priority, though each necessitates a certain degree of education.