Nokea
hich of the following terms refers to individual beliefs and actions that are rooted in stereotype behaviors?
- A. Gender segregation
- B. Intersequentialized sexism
- C. Gender socialization
- D. Individual sexism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individual sexism reflects personal stereotypical beliefs and actions, unlike broader processes.
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A patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for many years. When the patient does not smoke or tries to cut back, anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache result. What does this scenario describe?
- A. Substance abuse
- B. Substance intoxication
- C. Substance dependence
- D. Recreational use of a social drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Substance dependence. This scenario describes a pattern of symptoms indicative of substance dependence, which includes tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when trying to cut back, unsuccessful attempts to quit, and continued use despite negative consequences. The patient's reliance on cigarettes to manage anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache indicates a psychological and physical dependence on nicotine.
A: Substance abuse typically involves harmful use of a substance but does not necessarily include physiological dependence.
B: Substance intoxication refers to the immediate effects of a substance in the body, not the long-term pattern of dependence.
D: Recreational use of a social drug implies occasional and non-regular use, which does not align with the described scenario of chronic, daily smoking leading to withdrawal symptoms.
A client diagnosed with chronic depression appears sad and joyless when arriving at the mental health clinic for a scheduled appointment. The nurse best assesses the client's mood by:
- A. Observing the client's posture, dress, and hygiene in detail.
- B. Asking, 'You seem very sad and forlorn; are you depressed today?'
- C. Asking, 'On a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being as happy as you can ever remember being, how do you feel today?'
- D. Observing the way the client interacts with other staff to determine whether the client is demonstrating signs of depression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it directly assesses the client's self-reported mood level, providing valuable insight into their emotional state. By using a standardized scale, the nurse can quantitatively evaluate the client's mood, allowing for a more accurate assessment.
Choice A is incorrect because assessing posture, dress, and hygiene does not directly assess the client's mood; it provides information on physical appearance.
Choice B is incorrect because asking if the client is depressed is leading and may not elicit an accurate response; it assumes the client's emotional state.
Choice D is incorrect because observing interactions with staff may not accurately reflect the client's mood; it could be influenced by various factors such as social skills or current circumstances.
An Asian-American client has been prescribed an antidepressant medication for severe depression. When the nurse prepares discharge teaching topics for this client, which specific information will be included?
- A. The Asian culture is traditionally resistant to the use of antidepressant medication and so the importance of compliance with the prescribed treatment plan is stressed.
- B. Ethnic Asian foods have been shown to cause poor absorption of many medications and so the antidepressant medication should be taken on an empty stomach.
- C. Some racial and ethnic groups are genetically predisposed to enzyme deficiencies that require that their medications be prescribed at lower than normal dosages.
- D. Antidepressants can take weeks to reach the therapeutic blood serum levels required for the symptoms of severe depression to demonstrate improvement.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Correct Answer (C) - Some racial and ethnic groups are genetically predisposed to enzyme deficiencies that require medications at lower dosages.
Step 2: Explanation - Certain racial and ethnic groups may have genetic variations that affect how they metabolize medications, leading to enzyme deficiencies. This can result in the need for lower dosages to avoid adverse effects.
Step 3: Incorrect Choices:
A: Incorrect - Stereotyping the Asian culture as resistant to antidepressants is not evidence-based. Compliance is important for all patients regardless of culture.
B: Incorrect - Absorption issues related to specific ethnic foods are not a generalized concern for all Asian-Americans taking antidepressants.
D: Incorrect - While it is true that antidepressants may take weeks to reach therapeutic levels, the question is asking about specific considerations for an Asian-American client, not a general fact about medication effectiveness.
Which of the following is NOT one of Ryff's fundamental elements of psychological well-being:
- A. Life purpose
- B. Social growth
- C. Positive relatedness
- D. Self-acceptance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ryff's 6 elements are purpose, autonomy, mastery, relatedness, self-acceptance, and personal growth (not social growth).
A client suspected of being schizophrenic is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT). The nurse informs the client that the diagnostic test will:
- A. Confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
- B. Trace the flow of blood through his brain.
- C. Allow the doctors to view the structures of his brain.
- D. Help determine the areas of his brain that are overreacting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because CT scans allow doctors to view the structures of the brain, which can help identify any abnormalities or conditions present. This is essential in diagnosing and understanding conditions like schizophrenia. Choice A is incorrect because CT scans do not confirm psychiatric diagnoses; they provide anatomical information. Choice B is incorrect as CT scans do not trace blood flow, that's done through techniques like fMRI or PET scans. Choice D is incorrect because CT scans do not determine brain areas that are overreacting, that's usually assessed through functional imaging techniques.