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Historically, what movement most influenced unionization in American health care agencies/hospitals?
- A. Immigration laws protected foreign employees from discrimination in hiring or discharge on the basis of national origin and citizenship status.
- B. Women entered the workforce, gaining voice to support unions.
- C. The Industrial Revolution led to poor working conditions and the need to protect workers.
- D. Nurses were exposed to communicable diseases, which led to death and disability.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The Industrial Revolution introduced poor working conditions in factories, which extended to hospitals.
Step 2: Poor conditions in hospitals led to the need to protect healthcare workers, sparking unionization.
Step 3: This movement influenced the unionization in American health care agencies and hospitals.
Step 4: As a result, choice C is the correct answer.
Summary:
Choice A is incorrect as immigration laws did not directly influence the unionization movement in American healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as women entering the workforce, while significant, did not have the most influence on healthcare unionization. Choice D is incorrect as the exposure to diseases among nurses, while important, did not drive the overall movement for worker protection in healthcare during that time.
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What is the best way for the individual nurse to maintain the most effective professional image?
- A. Change out of their work attire before running errands.
- B. Renew membership in a nursing organization.
- C. Earning an advanced nursing degree.
- D. Developing effective nurse-physician relationships.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Change out of their work attire before running errands. This is because maintaining a professional image involves setting clear boundaries between work and personal life. By changing out of work attire before running errands, the nurse avoids potential misconceptions or misunderstandings from the public.
Choice B (Renew membership in a nursing organization) is not directly related to maintaining a professional image, although it is important for professional development. Choice C (Earning an advanced nursing degree) may enhance professional qualifications but does not directly impact the nurse's image. Choice D (Developing effective nurse-physician relationships) is important for teamwork but does not specifically address individual professional image.
A client who is reading a newspaper asks, "This article about health care states that many providers of health care lack effectiveness. What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?" The nurse explains that:
- A. effective means performing the correct test or intervention whereas efficiency refers to the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
- B. effective refers to competence in clinical practice and efficiency describes quick completion of the task.
- C. efficiency means wasting and meeting a minimum standard and effectiveness refers to taking all the time needed to exceed expectations.
- D. efficiency refers to speed and effectiveness refers to the usefulness of the implementation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Define effectiveness and efficiency - Effectiveness is achieving the intended outcome, while efficiency is achieving the outcome with minimal waste.
Step 2: Analyze option A - It correctly defines effectiveness as performing the correct test or intervention and efficiency as the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
Step 3: Justification - The nurse explains that many healthcare providers lack effectiveness, indicating they are not achieving the desired outcomes, which aligns with the definition of effectiveness in option A.
Step 4: Summary of incorrect choices - B incorrectly defines efficiency as quick completion of tasks, C confuses efficiency with wastage, and D incorrectly associates efficiency with speed rather than minimal waste.
This certificate of inspection is health policy enforced at which level of government?
- A. Local
- B. State
- C. Federal
- D. International
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: State. State governments are responsible for enforcing health policies such as certificates of inspection within their own jurisdiction. They have the authority to regulate and monitor health standards at the state level. Local governments (A) typically focus on implementing policies within their specific region, while federal governments (C) oversee broader health policies that apply across the entire country. International (D) level does not have jurisdiction over local health policies. Therefore, the state level is the most appropriate answer for enforcing a certificate of inspection in this context.
Which nurse is more prone to burnout? The nurse who:
- A. graduated last in the class.
- B. is industrious and conscientious.
- C. refuses to work an extra shift even though he or she needs the money.
- D. volunteers to serve on only one committee and keeps in touch with schoolmates.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the nurse who refuses to work an extra shift despite needing money is more prone to burnout. This choice indicates a lack of work-life balance and boundary-setting, leading to increased stress and potential burnout. Refusing to take breaks or extra shifts can result in exhaustion and emotional strain.
Option A is incorrect as academic performance does not necessarily correlate with burnout. Option B, being industrious and conscientious, is actually a positive trait that may help prevent burnout through effective time management and self-care. Option D's involvement in one committee and maintaining school connections is also not indicative of burnout risk, as long as boundaries are maintained.
A nurse interested in life satisfaction among patients receiving hemodialysis reviews databases and identifies relevant studies which are then statistically analyzed providing generalization through multiple studies. The nurse researcher is using which type of research?
- A. Quasi-experimental
- B. Secondary analysis
- C. Meta-analysis
- D. Survey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meta-analysis. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is combining and analyzing data from multiple studies on life satisfaction among hemodialysis patients to draw overall conclusions. Meta-analysis allows for generalization through synthesizing results from various studies, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Incorrect choices:
A: Quasi-experimental - This involves manipulating variables to observe their effects, which is not the case in the given scenario.
B: Secondary analysis - This refers to re-analyzing existing data, not multiple studies as in meta-analysis.
D: Survey - Surveys involve collecting data directly from participants, whereas in this case, existing studies are being analyzed.