Nokea
The nurse who organizes screenings for employees, assesses the work environment for hazards, and teaches health-promoting activities is employed in the field of:
- A. infection control.
- B. occupational health.
- C. informatics.
- D. transportation specialization.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: occupational health. Occupational health nurses focus on promoting and maintaining the health and safety of workers in various industries. They conduct screenings, assess workplace hazards, and provide education on health-related topics. Infection control (choice A) mainly involves preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Informatics (choice C) involves the use of technology to manage and analyze health data. Transportation specialization (choice D) focuses on transportation-related health and safety issues. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for the described role is occupational health.
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What is the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care
- A. A diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease
- B. Ability to make sound health care decisions
- C. An interest in exploring available life sustaining treatment options
- D. A life expectancy of less than 12 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care is a diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease. Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, regardless of the stage of the disease or the prognosis. This means that palliative care can be appropriate for patients with a variety of life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live. Choices B and C are incorrect because while they are important factors in healthcare decision-making, they are not the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care. Choice D is also incorrect because palliative care can be provided to patients with various life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live.
The care delivery model used in this situation is:
- A. team.
- B. primary.
- C. partnership.
- D. modular.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: team. In a team care delivery model, multiple healthcare providers work collaboratively to deliver care to the patient, ensuring comprehensive and coordinated services. This model promotes communication, efficiency, and patient-centered care. Choice B, primary, refers to a single designated provider responsible for coordinating care. Choice C, partnership, typically involves a close relationship between the patient and provider but lacks the interdisciplinary approach of a team model. Choice D, modular, implies a fragmented approach with care delivered in separate components, which may lead to disjointed care and lack of coordination. Ultimately, the team care delivery model is the most effective in ensuring holistic and well-coordinated patient care.
In attempting to decide which services should be offered to a community, the public health nurse decides to implement hypertension screening and treatment because most of the residents are hypertensive. This decision is based on the principle of:
- A. veracity.
- B. values.
- C. utilitarianism.
- D. autonomy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the ethical principle that actions should be chosen based on their ability to maximize overall happiness or well-being. In this scenario, implementing hypertension screening and treatment for a community where most residents are hypertensive aligns with utilitarianism as it aims to benefit the greatest number of people by improving their health outcomes. This decision focuses on the overall good of the community, making it the most ethical choice.
Rationale for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Veracity is the principle of truthfulness. While honesty is important in healthcare decision-making, it is not the primary factor in this scenario.
B: Values refer to personal beliefs and principles. While values may influence decision-making, the primary focus in this scenario is on maximizing community health outcomes.
D: Autonomy is the principle of respecting individuals' right to make their own decisions. While autonomy is important in healthcare, it is not the guiding principle in this scenario where the focus is
The number of IV site infections has more than doubled on a nursing unit. The staff determine common causes include the site is cleaned using inconsistent methods, dressing frequently becomes wet when patient showers, IV tubing is not changed every 48 hours per protocol, and inadequate hand washing of RN prior to insertion. A bar graph demonstrates the frequency in descending order, with 80% of infections being attributed to inadequate hand washing. The quality tool used is a:
- A. cause-and-effect diagram.
- B. run chart.
- C. Pareto chart.
- D. flowchart.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a quality tool used to prioritize issues by identifying the most significant factors contributing to a problem. In this case, the Pareto chart is appropriate because it helps visually show that inadequate hand washing is the primary cause of IV site infections, as it accounts for 80% of all infections. The chart allows the staff to focus their efforts on addressing this key issue first, which is crucial for effectively reducing the overall infection rate.
Incorrect choices:
A: Cause-and-effect diagram - This tool is used to identify and analyze potential causes of a problem, but it does not prioritize them in the same way a Pareto chart does.
B: Run chart - A run chart is used to track data over time to identify trends and patterns, but it does not prioritize the causes of a problem like a Pareto chart.
D: Flowchart - Flowcharts are used to map out a process or workflow, but they do not prioritize issues
A nurse is interested in understanding the meaning of the human experience of surviving polio. Subject recruitment targets persons who have been diagnosed with the disease. The researcher reflects on the data and identifies common themes in order to understand the "lived experience." These characteristics are consistent with the qualitative research method known as:
- A. grounded theory.
- B. ethnography.
- C. phenomenology.
- D. case study.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: phenomenology. Phenomenology focuses on exploring and understanding individuals' lived experiences to uncover the essence of a phenomenon. In this case, the nurse is interested in understanding the meaning of surviving polio from the perspective of those diagnosed with the disease. By reflecting on the data and identifying common themes, the researcher aims to capture the essence of the human experience of surviving polio.
Grounded theory (A) is a method used to develop theories from data, not necessarily focusing on the lived experience. Ethnography (B) involves studying cultures and societies, which is not directly aligned with understanding individual experiences. Case study (D) typically focuses on in-depth analysis of a specific individual or group, rather than exploring common themes across individuals' experiences.