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The nurse who admits making a medication error and immediately files an incident report is demonstrating:
- A. accountability.
- B. individuality.
- C. an injustice.
- D. values clarification.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: accountability. By admitting the error and filing an incident report, the nurse is taking responsibility for their actions, being transparent, and willing to face the consequences. This demonstrates professionalism and integrity. Choice B is incorrect because it does not address the nurse's responsibility. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the nurse's actions. Choice D is incorrect as values clarification is not demonstrated by admitting an error and reporting it.
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Which of the following statements concerning the Institute of Medicine (IOM) competencies is correct?
- A. Each competency is mutually exclusive.
- B. The competencies focus on individual efforts to reduce errors.
- C. Physicians lead the team to achieve each competency.
- D. The competencies address both individual and system approaches to transform care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the IOM competencies aim to improve healthcare by addressing both individual and system-based approaches. This is crucial as it recognizes that improving healthcare requires a comprehensive approach that involves changing both individual behaviors and systemic structures. A: Each competency is mutually exclusive - This is incorrect as the competencies are designed to work together, not in isolation. B: The competencies focus on individual efforts to reduce errors - This is incorrect as the competencies also emphasize the importance of systemic changes to prevent errors. C: Physicians lead the team to achieve each competency - This is incorrect as the competencies are meant to be achieved collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team, not solely led by physicians.
The care delivery model used in this situation is:
- A. team.
- B. primary.
- C. partnership.
- D. modular.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: team. In a team care delivery model, multiple healthcare providers work collaboratively to deliver care to the patient, ensuring comprehensive and coordinated services. This model promotes communication, efficiency, and patient-centered care. Choice B, primary, refers to a single designated provider responsible for coordinating care. Choice C, partnership, typically involves a close relationship between the patient and provider but lacks the interdisciplinary approach of a team model. Choice D, modular, implies a fragmented approach with care delivered in separate components, which may lead to disjointed care and lack of coordination. Ultimately, the team care delivery model is the most effective in ensuring holistic and well-coordinated patient care.
To determine basic competency, the interview for a nursing position may include a test in:
- A. pathophysiology.
- B. correctly writing nursing diagnoses.
- C. pharmacology.
- D. computer skills.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pathophysiology. This is because understanding pathophysiology is fundamental for a nurse to comprehend how diseases affect the body. It helps nurses provide appropriate care and make critical decisions. Incorrect choices: B focuses on documentation, C on medication knowledge, and D on technical skills, which are important but not as essential as understanding the physiological mechanisms of diseases.
A graduate nurse should begin the job search knowing that:
- A. few jobs are available for RNs because of a failing health care economy.
- B. it would be more promising to apply to a rural hospital than to an urban hospital.
- C. although efforts have been made to reduce expenditures for health care, the need for RNs remains stable.
- D. the demand for nurses to work in acute care hospitals has decreased because most services are being shifted to outpatient and ambulatory settings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because efforts to reduce healthcare expenditures do not necessarily impact the need for RNs, which remains stable. This is supported by the ongoing demand for nurses in various healthcare settings. Choice A is incorrect as the demand for RNs is generally high. Choice B is incorrect because job availability depends on various factors beyond just the location of the hospital. Choice D is incorrect as the need for nurses in acute care hospitals remains significant despite the shift towards outpatient and ambulatory settings.
An explosion just occurred at the local factory, and hundreds of employees have sustained varying degrees of injury. Which type of nursing leadership is most effective in this situation?
- A. Autocratic
- B. Democratic
- C. Laissez-faire
- D. Referent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most effective nursing leadership style in a crisis like this is democratic. In this situation, collaboration and input from all team members are essential for quick decision-making and effective communication. Democratic leadership promotes teamwork, empowers staff, and fosters open communication, leading to better coordination and outcomes. Autocratic leadership may hinder staff engagement and morale. Laissez-faire lacks direction and may result in chaos during a crisis. Referent leadership focuses on personal relationships rather than team dynamics, not the most effective approach in this urgent situation.