Nokea
Homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy are among the
- A. Systemic methods of pain relief
- B. Regional analgesia methods of pain relief
- C. Inhalational analgesia methods of pain relief
- D. Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Homeopathy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy are non-pharmacological methods.
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Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F): a) The most common cause of immediate postpartum haemorrhage is trauma to the genital tract during delivery. b) There are four major principles to follow in the specific management of a mother with immediate postpartum haemorrhage.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. TRUE
- D. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most common cause of postpartum haemorrhage is uterine atony, not trauma.
The term persistent occipito-posterior position indicates that the occiput
- A. Fails to rotate forward
- B. Escapes under the symphysis pubis
- C. Rotates forward always
- D. Reaches the pelvic floor first
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persistent occipito-posterior position means the occiput fails to rotate forward.
Laryngeal stridor as a congenital abnormality is caused by
- A. Choanal atresia
- B. Laryngomalacia
- C. Diaphragmatic hernia
- D. Hirschsprung’s disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Laryngeal stridor is caused by laryngomalacia, where the soft tissue above the vocal cords collapses inward.
Lester R. is a 58-year-old male who is being evaluated for nocturia. He reports that he has to get up 2 to 3 times nightly to void. Additional assessment reveals urinary urgency and appreciable post-void dribbling. A digital rectal examination reveals a normal-sized prostate with no appreciable hypertrophy. The best approach to this patient includes
- A. Administration of the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Scale
- B. Laboratory assessment to include a PSA
- C. Ordering a prostate ultrasound
- D. Assessment of nonprostate causes of nocturia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this case, the best approach to the patient includes assessment of nonprostate causes of nocturia. Despite the lack of significant prostate hypertrophy on digital rectal examination, the patient is experiencing bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms such as nocturia, urinary urgency, and post-void dribbling. These symptoms suggest the need to consider alternative causes beyond prostate enlargement. Factors such as overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, diabetes, sleep apnea, medications, or other systemic conditions could be contributing to the patient's symptoms. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation to identify potential nonprostate causes of the patient's nocturia is warranted before considering more invasive prostate-specific tests like PSA, ultrasound, or symptom scales.
How does maternal hypertension affect fetal development?
- A. Increases risk of intrauterine growth restriction
- B. Increases risk of preterm birth
- C. May lead to stillbirth
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maternal hypertension can restrict fetal growth, increase preterm birth risk, and lead to stillbirth.