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How can increasing the fiber intake in one's diet lead to a reduced caloric intake?
- A. Fiber promotes satiety, reducing overall food intake.
- B. Fiber binds to calories, preventing absorption.
- C. Fiber speeds up metabolism, burning more calories.
- D. Fiber replaces high-calorie foods in the diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fiber increases feelings of fullness, leading to reduced food consumption and lower caloric intake.
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Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the
- A. Duodenum and jejunum.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Ileum.
- D. Ascending colon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The duodenum and jejunum have a large surface area due to villi, making them primary sites for nutrient absorption.
Protein is required by the body for
- A. Producing energy and heat.
- B. Building new tissue.
- C. Manufacturing hormones and enzymes.
- D. Increasing absorption of iron.
- E. Forming antibodies.
- F. Quick energy.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Proteins are essential for tissue growth, hormone/enzyme production, and antibody formation, not primarily for energy or iron absorption.
Which of the following are correct calorie counts for one gram of each?
- A. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- B. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- C. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
- D. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, while fat provides 9 kcal per gram.
The section of the GI tract where no digestion takes place is the
- A. Mouth.
- B. Esophagus.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Small intestine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach without any digestive processes.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015-2020, recommend that Americans should develop healthy eating patterns that include which of the following?
- A. Consuming only whole milk, cheese, and yogurt for dairy
- B. Eating grains, half of which are whole grains
- C. Eating a variety of vegetables, including dark green, red and orange, and beans and peas
- D. Limiting protein to beef, chicken, and pork
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The guidelines emphasize whole grains and a variety of vegetables for balanced nutrition.