Nokea
Nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract travel to the liver via the
- A. Hepatic artery.
- B. Portal vein.
- C. Hepatic vein.
- D. Lymphatic system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The portal vein transports nutrients from the GI tract directly to the liver for processing.
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Increasing one's fiber intake too much too quickly can have which of the following effects?
- A. Produce excessive GI gas
- B. Cause drowsiness
- C. Produce sleeplessness
- D. Increase the appetite
- E. Raise blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapidly increasing fiber can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including excessive gas, due to fermentation in the gut.
Which of the following are correct calorie counts for one gram of each?
- A. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- B. Protein = 9 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 4 kcal
- C. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 4 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
- D. Protein = 4 kcal, carbohydrates = 9 kcal, fat = 9 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein and carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, while fat provides 9 kcal per gram.
For nutrients to be utilized, they must first be absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract. This is accomplished by uptake of the nutrients into the
- A. Arteries providing the GI tract with blood supply.
- B. Veins carrying deoxygenated blood away from the GI tract.
- C. Capillaries located in the intestinal wall villi.
- D. Vessels in the pylorus of the stomach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Capillaries in the intestinal villi absorb nutrients, which are then transported to the bloodstream.
Which two gender and age groups normally require more calories than the others?
- A. 2- to 3-year-old male
- B. 17-year-old female
- C. 15-year-old male
- D. 39-year-old female
- E. 63-year-old male
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Teenagers, particularly males, have higher caloric needs due to rapid growth and higher metabolic rates during puberty.
Which statements about body mass index (BMI) are accurate?
- A. It is a useful tool when evaluating a person's health risk.
- B. Exceptions to using BMI accurately include nonathletic people and pregnant women.
- C. It is the best tool as an indicator of obesity in the general population.
- D. People whose BMI is between 25 and 29.9 are considered obese.
- E. People whose BMI is below 18.5 are generally considered underweight.
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: BMI is useful for assessing health risks, and a BMI below 18.5 indicates underweight. BMI 25-29.9 is overweight, not obese.