Nokea
What is the minimum amount of water that should be ingested by the average adult in a 24 -hour period?
- A. 240 mL
- B. A half-liter
- C. 1440 mL
- D. 3 liters
- E. 6 cups
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 1440 mL (about 1.5 liters) is the minimum recommended water intake for an average adult, though needs vary.
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Explain what is meant by positive nitrogen balance and how it applies to the rapid growth of childhood and pregnancy.
- A. Positive nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds excretion, supporting growth.
- B. It is critical during childhood for tissue development.
- C. It supports fetal growth and maternal tissue expansion in pregnancy.
- D. It occurs only in adults with high protein diets.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Positive nitrogen balance supports rapid tissue growth in childhood and pregnancy by ensuring more protein is available than lost.
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the
- A. Duodenum and jejunum.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Ileum.
- D. Ascending colon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The duodenum and jejunum have a large surface area due to villi, making them primary sites for nutrient absorption.
Protein is required by the body for
- A. Producing energy and heat.
- B. Building new tissue.
- C. Manufacturing hormones and enzymes.
- D. Increasing absorption of iron.
- E. Forming antibodies.
- F. Quick energy.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Proteins are essential for tissue growth, hormone/enzyme production, and antibody formation, not primarily for energy or iron absorption.
Which two gender and age groups normally require more calories than the others?
- A. 2- to 3-year-old male
- B. 17-year-old female
- C. 15-year-old male
- D. 39-year-old female
- E. 63-year-old male
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Teenagers, particularly males, have higher caloric needs due to rapid growth and higher metabolic rates during puberty.
Salivary amylase begins to break down
- A. Proteins.
- B. Fat.
- C. Simple carbohydrates.
- D. Complex carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) breaks down complex carbohydrates like starches into simpler sugars in the mouth.