Nokea
Which of the following nutrients cannot be digested and retain their original chemical identities in the body?
- A. Vitamins
- B. Proteins
- C. Minerals
- D. Fats
- E. Simple carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Minerals are not broken down during digestion and retain their chemical structure in the body.
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Explain what is meant by positive nitrogen balance and how it applies to the rapid growth of childhood and pregnancy.
- A. Positive nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds excretion, supporting growth.
- B. It is critical during childhood for tissue development.
- C. It supports fetal growth and maternal tissue expansion in pregnancy.
- D. It occurs only in adults with high protein diets.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Positive nitrogen balance supports rapid tissue growth in childhood and pregnancy by ensuring more protein is available than lost.
Explain how eating a candy bar and drinking a sugar-loaded cola can drop one's blood glucose level.
- A. High sugar causes a rapid insulin spike, leading to a quick glucose drop.
- B. The body stores excess glucose as fat, reducing blood levels.
- C. Simple sugars are not absorbed, lowering glucose.
- D. Sugar intake causes dehydration, affecting glucose levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High sugar intake triggers a rapid insulin release, which can overcorrect and cause a drop in blood glucose.
What foods will you teach the patient are high in iron?
- A. Vegetables
- B. Red meats
- C. Fruits
- D. Fish
- E. Poultry
- F. Grains
- G. Beans
Correct Answer: B,D,E,G
Rationale: Red meats, fish, poultry, and beans are rich in iron, providing heme (animal-based) and non-heme (plant-based) iron.
For nutrients to be utilized, they must first be absorbed into the bloodstream from the GI tract. This is accomplished by uptake of the nutrients into the
- A. Arteries providing the GI tract with blood supply.
- B. Veins carrying deoxygenated blood away from the GI tract.
- C. Capillaries located in the intestinal wall villi.
- D. Vessels in the pylorus of the stomach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Capillaries in the intestinal villi absorb nutrients, which are then transported to the bloodstream.
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the
- A. Duodenum and jejunum.
- B. Stomach.
- C. Ileum.
- D. Ascending colon.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The duodenum and jejunum have a large surface area due to villi, making them primary sites for nutrient absorption.