Nokea
How does a bacterium reproduce?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Cytokinesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, a process in which a single bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis and meiosis are processes specific to eukaryotic cells, not bacteria. Cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides, but it is not the primary reproductive method for bacteria.
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In a population of dogs, fur color is controlled by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele shows complete dominance. If a dog has a tan fur phenotype, what is its genotype?
- A. BB
- B. Bb
- C. bb
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a dog displays a tan fur phenotype, it indicates that the dog possesses two tan alleles, represented by the genotype bb. In this case, the dog cannot have any black alleles (B) since the black allele demonstrates complete dominance over the tan allele. Therefore, the correct genotype for a dog with a tan fur phenotype is bb.
What's the first step in the process of respiration?
- A. Fermentation.
- B. Glycolysis.
- C. Krebs cycle.
- D. Electron transport chain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To accurately compare the quantities, it is important to convert both to the same unit. As 1L is equal to 1000 mL, the bottle contains 120 mL (0.12L x 1000 mL/L). Since the scientist only needs 12 mL, it is evident that they have more than enough solution in the bottle, making choice B the correct answer.
When a child is sick and has a body temperature exceeding 37Å—C, the body begins to sweat in order to lower the temperature. What is this an example of?
- A. Positive feedback loop
- B. Negative feedback loop
- C. Both
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This scenario illustrates a negative feedback loop. In negative feedback, the body's response opposes the initial change, helping to restore equilibrium. In this case, the body's sweating is a response to reduce the elevated temperature, aiming to return the body to its normal state. This process helps regulate and maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body functions within a narrow range of optimal conditions.
How does the concentration of solutes in a hypertonic solution compare to the cell's?
- A. Same as
- B. Lower than
- C. Higher than
- D. Negative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is higher compared to the cell's interior. This causes water to move out of the cell to balance the solute concentrations, resulting in the cell shrinking. Therefore, the correct answer is that the solute concentration is higher in a hypertonic solution than inside the cell.