Nokea
How does normal aging change the immune system?
- A. Depresses bone marrow.
- B. T cells become hyperactive.
- C. B cells show deficiencies in activity.
- D. Increase in the size of the thymus.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal aging causes deficiencies in both B and T cell activation, but the bone marrow is essentially uncompromised. The thymus decreases in size.
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Which concern is a major negative effect of cell-mediated immunity?
- A. Depression of bone marrow
- B. Rejection of transplanted tissue
- C. Activation of the T cells
- D. Stimulation of the B cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity has the negative effect of rejection of transplanted tissue. Activation of T cells and stimulation of B cells are the positive basis of the cell-mediated immunity.
Which line of defense provides the body with innate immunity?
- A. Skin and mucous membranes
- B. Lungs
- C. Heart
- D. Tears and saliva
- E. Natural intestinal and vaginal flora
- F. Stomach acid
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: The innate immune system is composed of the skin and mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebaceous glands, and secretions and flora of the intestine and vagina. These organs, tissues, and secretions provide biochemical and physical barriers to disease.
Which step is the third step in the sequence of a plasmapheresis procedure?
- A. Removal of whole blood in one arm
- B. Circulation of blood through cell separator
- C. Remainder of plasma returned through vein in opposite arm
- D. Separation of plasma and its cellular components
- E. Replacement of plasma with lactated Ringer
- F. Removal of undesirable components
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The whole blood is drawn out of one arm; circulated through a cell separator; plasma is separated with its cellular components; the undesirable components are removed; the remainder of plasma is returned through a vein in the opposite arm; and the lost plasma is replaced with lactated Ringer, normal saline, frozen plasma, or albumin.
A type IV latex allergy is characterized by ___
Correct Answer: contact dermatitis
Rationale: Type IV latex allergy is that of a contact dermatitis.
To provide an example of an active acquired immunity, the nurse uses the example of a person who has acquired immunity from measles because that person has had which occurrence in their lifetime?
- A. chickenpox and mumps.
- B. measles.
- C. an extremely healthy immune system.
- D. an inoculation against measles.
- E. maternal antibodies against measles.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Active or acquired or adaptive immunity occurs from having had disease or having had an immunization against that specific disease.