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How does sarcopenia impact functional independence in older adults?
- A. It leads to increased body fat and reduced muscle mass, hindering mobility.
- B. It results in diminished lung capacity, reducing the ability to perform daily activities.
- C. It causes joint stiffness, leading to pain and limited range of motion.
- D. It significantly affects balance and mobility, increasing the risk of falls.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly impacts balance and mobility in older adults. Muscle weakness from sarcopenia reduces stability and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. This affects functional independence as it limits the ability to perform daily activities safely. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as sarcopenia primarily affects muscle mass and strength, not body fat, lung capacity, or joint stiffness.
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Which nursing intervention is a holistic approach to an older adult?
- A. Performs glucose testing during the weekly worship service
- B. Wheels ambulatory adults to exercise when running late
- C. Assigns female nurses to older women who are Islamic
- D. Allows older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because assigning female nurses to older women who are Islamic respects their cultural and religious beliefs, promoting holistic care. This approach considers the older adult's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, aligning with the principles of holistic nursing care.
Choice A is incorrect because performing glucose testing during a weekly worship service does not necessarily address the older adult's holistic needs. Choice B is incorrect as simply wheeling ambulatory adults to exercise when running late does not encompass a holistic approach. Choice D is incorrect as allowing older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone may neglect their social and emotional well-being.
Which factor is most closely associated with cognitive decline in older adults?
- A. Genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases
- B. Limited physical activity and poor nutrition
- C. Social engagement and mental stimulation
- D. Early retirement and lack of work-related stress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because limited physical activity and poor nutrition have been consistently linked to cognitive decline in older adults. Physical activity promotes blood flow to the brain, which helps with cognitive function. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in nutrients supports brain health. Genetic predisposition (A) can play a role but is not the most closely associated factor. Social engagement and mental stimulation (C) are beneficial for cognitive health but not the primary factor for decline. Early retirement and lack of work-related stress (D) are not directly linked to cognitive decline.
In the care of older adults, how does the concept of "multimorbidity" complicate the treatment of chronic conditions?
- A. It simplifies treatment as there are fewer conditions to manage simultaneously
- B. It increases the complexity of managing multiple medications and health conditions
- C. It reduces the need for personalized care plans
- D. It enhances the effectiveness of treatment through overlapping therapeutic interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because multimorbidity refers to the presence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, which can complicate treatment due to interactions between medications, conflicting treatment recommendations, and the need for coordination among different healthcare providers. Managing multiple health conditions and medications can lead to potential adverse effects, drug interactions, and difficulties in prioritizing treatment goals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because multimorbidity actually increases treatment complexity, necessitating individualized care plans and careful consideration of potential interactions between treatments.
Which of the following organizations have interdisciplinary membership?
- A. Gerontological Society of America
- B. National Gerontological Nurses Association
- C. American Society on Aging
- D. Association of Gerontology in Higher Education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the Gerontological Society of America, because it includes members from various disciplines such as sociology, psychology, biology, and medicine. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a holistic understanding of aging. The other choices focus specifically on nursing (B), aging (C), or higher education (D), and do not encompass a wide range of disciplines like choice A. This makes them more specialized and less likely to have a diverse membership across different fields.
Identify the correct statement describing the abuse of elderly persons in the United States.
- A. Elder abuse is the most often reported form of domestic violence
- B. Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse
- C. Most cases of elder abuse are reported to the proper authorities
- D. Healthcare practitioners are only mandated to report verified, not suspected, cases of elder abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse. Neglect involves the failure to provide necessary care or assistance to an elderly person, making it a prevalent form of elder abuse. This is supported by research and studies on elder abuse cases.
A is incorrect because elder abuse is often underreported compared to other forms of domestic violence.
C is incorrect as many cases of elder abuse go unreported due to various reasons such as fear, shame, or lack of awareness.
D is incorrect as healthcare practitioners are mandated to report any suspected cases of elder abuse, not just verified cases, to protect the well-being of the elderly.