Nokea
How does the skin aid in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body?
- A. Sebum production
- B. Keratin synthesis
- C. Vitamin A synthesis
- D. Vitamin D production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The skin aids in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels in the body by producing Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the diet, vital for bone health, and various physiological functions. When UV radiation penetrates the skin, it triggers the conversion of a compound into Vitamin D, which then facilitates the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines.
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What are macromolecules that carry the genetic code made of?
- A. Nucleotides
- B. Chromosomes
- C. DNA
- D. RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macromolecules carrying the genetic code are made of nucleotides. Nucleotides serve as the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. While chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins, they do not directly carry the genetic code. DNA and RNA are indeed composed of nucleotides, but they are not the carriers of the genetic code themselves.
All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?
- A. Neuroglia
- B. Efferent pathways
- C. Afferent pathways
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nerve impulses are transmitted in the nervous system through neurons. Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals, known as nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supportive cells in the nervous system, efferent pathways carry signals away from the central nervous system, and afferent pathways carry signals towards the central nervous system. Therefore, neurons play a crucial role in transmitting nerve impulses, making them the correct answer.
Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and urinary system?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Ureter
- C. Testis
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urethra. The urethra is a part of both the male reproductive system, as it serves as the duct for semen during ejaculation, and the urinary system, as it allows the passage of urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, the ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm.
What force primarily drives filtration in the kidneys?
- A. osmosis
- B. smooth muscle contraction
- C. peristalsis
- D. blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Filtration in the kidneys is primarily driven by blood pressure. The glomerulus filters blood under pressure, allowing small molecules and fluids to pass through into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins. Osmosis, smooth muscle contraction, and peristalsis do play roles in kidney function, but blood pressure is the main force responsible for the initial filtration process.
Which hormone is responsible for preparing the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?
- A. FSH
- B. Estrogen
- C. LH
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Estrogen is the hormone responsible for initiating the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy. Estrogen helps thicken the endometrial lining, which is crucial for the implantation of a fertilized egg. It plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is primarily produced by the ovaries.