Nokea
What is the function of the thrombocytes?
- A. Form connective tissue.
- B. Play a role in blood clotting.
- C. Defend against infection.
- D. Transport respiratory gases.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
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What are macromolecules that carry the genetic code made of?
- A. Nucleotides
- B. Chromosomes
- C. DNA
- D. RNA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macromolecules carrying the genetic code are made of nucleotides. Nucleotides serve as the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. While chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins, they do not directly carry the genetic code. DNA and RNA are indeed composed of nucleotides, but they are not the carriers of the genetic code themselves.
Which structure is located on the sternum?
- A. Xiphoid process
- B. Sesamoid bone
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Ossified process
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The xiphoid process is the structure located at the bottom of the sternum. It is a small cartilaginous process that ossifies with age. The sesamoid bone is a small bone embedded within a tendon, not typically found on the sternum. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, not on the sternum. 'Ossified' refers to a structure that has become hardened like bone, but it is not a specific structure located on the sternum.
What are the functional units of the kidney?
- A. Ureters
- B. Glomeruli
- C. Nephrons
- D. Renal capsules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, regulating fluid balance, and forming urine. Each kidney contains thousands of nephrons that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not the functional units. Glomeruli are part of the nephron structure, specifically involved in the initial filtration of blood. Renal capsules are outer coverings of the kidney and do not serve as the functional units responsible for kidney function.
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?
- A. trachea
- B. esophagus
- C. diaphragm
- D. epiglottis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The structure that prevents food from entering the airway is the epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located behind the tongue at the top of the larynx. During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the opening of the trachea, directing food and liquids to the esophagus instead of entering the airway. This mechanism ensures that food safely passes into the digestive system, avoiding any blockage of the respiratory pathway.
How does the skin aid in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body?
- A. Sebum
- B. Keratin
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. The skin plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphate levels by producing Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines, thus regulating their levels in the body. Sebum is an oily substance produced by the skin to moisturize and protect it. Keratin is a protein that forms the structure of the skin and its appendages. Vitamin A is essential for skin health and vision but is not directly involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels.