Nokea
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 6
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 2. The posterior pituitary produces two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in childbirth and breastfeeding, while vasopressin helps regulate water balance in the body. Option A is incorrect because the posterior pituitary does produce hormones. Option B is incorrect as there are two hormones produced, not just one. Option D is incorrect as the posterior pituitary does not produce six hormones. In summary, the posterior pituitary gland produces two hormones, making option C the correct answer.
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Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aldosterone. Aldosterone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, leading to increased Na+ excretion. Progesterone (A) does not have a significant effect on Na+ excretion. Cortisol (B) mainly affects glucose metabolism and has minimal impact on Na+ excretion. Vasopressin (C) primarily regulates water reabsorption, not Na+ excretion. Therefore, Aldosterone has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion due to its specific role in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
- A. pituitary
- B. hypothalamus
- C. pancreas
- D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ because it produces and releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's hormonal secretion. It acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various physiological processes. The pituitary gland (choice A) is a master endocrine gland, not a neuroendocrine organ. The pancreas (choice C) is an exocrine and endocrine gland involved in blood sugar regulation. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is part of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones, not considered a neuroendocrine organ.
Which of the following is NOT a gland in the endocrine system?
- A. Adrenal gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Kidney gland
- D. Pituitary gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidney gland. The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. The kidney is not a gland; it is an organ responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine. The adrenal gland, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland are all part of the endocrine system as they secrete hormones. In summary, the kidney does not secrete hormones and therefore is not considered a gland in the endocrine system.
The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the .
- A. skeletal system
- B. immune system
- C. nervous system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems coordinate and control various bodily functions. The skeletal system (A) supports and protects the body, the immune system (B) defends against pathogens, and the respiratory system (D) facilitates gas exchange. However, these systems do not primarily regulate and control bodily functions like the endocrine and nervous systems.
What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 diabetes include?
- A. Ideal body weight
- B. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels
- C. A special diabetic diet using dietetic foods
- D. Five small meals per day with a bedtime snack
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal is to maintain normal glucose and lipid levels and to achieve a healthy body weight.