Endocrine System MCQ Questions

Endocrine System MCQ Questions Related

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A nurse collaborates with assistive personnel (AP) to provide care for a client who is prescribed a 24-hour urine specimen collection. Which statement would the nurse include when teaching the AP about this activity?

  • A. Note the time of the client’s first void and collect urine for 24 hours.
  • B. Add the preservative to the container at the end of the test.
  • C. Start the collection by saving the first urine of the morning.
  • D. It is okay if one urine sample during the 24 hours is not collected.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Note the time of the client's first void and collect urine for 24 hours. This is correct because for a 24-hour urine specimen collection, it is essential to start by noting the exact time of the first void and then collect all subsequent urine voided over the next 24 hours, including the final void at the same time the collection started. This ensures accurate measurement of substances in the urine over a full 24-hour period.

Choice B is incorrect because the preservative should be added to the container at the beginning, not the end, to maintain the integrity of the specimen. Choice C is incorrect because the 24-hour collection starts with the first void, not the first morning urine. Choice D is incorrect as missing even one urine sample during the 24-hour collection can compromise the accuracy of the results.

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Where Are Islets of Langerhans Found?

  • A. Anterior pituitary
  • B. Cortex
  • C. Spleen
  • D. Endocrine pancreas
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels. Choice D, Endocrine pancreas, is correct because the Islets of Langerhans are specifically located in the pancreas. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Islets of Langerhans are not found in the anterior pituitary, cortex, or spleen. The pancreas is the primary organ associated with blood sugar regulation, making it the correct location for the Islets of Langerhans.

Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?

  • A. pituitary
  • B. hypothalamus
  • C. pancreas
  • D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ because it produces and releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's hormonal secretion. It acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various physiological processes. The pituitary gland (choice A) is a master endocrine gland, not a neuroendocrine organ. The pancreas (choice C) is an exocrine and endocrine gland involved in blood sugar regulation. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is part of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones, not considered a neuroendocrine organ.

Which of the following is not a parasympatholytic drug:

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Propantheline
  • C. Pirenzepine
  • D. Edrophonium
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edrophonium, because it is not a parasympatholytic drug but rather a parasympathomimetic drug used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. Atropine (A), Propantheline (B), and Pirenzepine (C) are all parasympatholytic drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking acetylcholine receptors. Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, Propantheline is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and Pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not belong to the category of parasympatholytic drugs.

The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the .

  • A. skeletal system
  • B. immune system
  • C. nervous system
  • D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems coordinate and control various bodily functions. The skeletal system (A) supports and protects the body, the immune system (B) defends against pathogens, and the respiratory system (D) facilitates gas exchange. However, these systems do not primarily regulate and control bodily functions like the endocrine and nervous systems.

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

  • A. It causes positive feedback.
  • B. It does not require a second messenger to effect a response.
  • C. It is very specific in the cell type it targets.
  • D. It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroxine does not require a second messenger to effect a response. Thyroxine is a non-peptide hormone derived from the amino acid tyrosine, not a peptide hormone. It acts directly on the cell by binding to nuclear receptors, which then bind to specific regions of DNA to regulate gene expression. This mechanism is different from peptide hormones, which typically require second messengers like cAMP or calcium to transmit their signal inside the cell. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because thyroxine does not cause positive feedback, is not highly specific in cell targeting, and does not target all cells for cellular metabolism stimulation.

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