Nokea
Complete the following sentence: The main target for antidiuretic hormone is the…
- A. Pancreas
- B. Liver
- C. Uterus
- D. Kidney
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kidney. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption, thus reducing urine output. This hormone helps maintain proper fluid balance in the body. The other choices (A: Pancreas, B: Liver, C: Uterus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in water balance regulation or response to ADH stimulation. The kidney is the main target organ for ADH due to its crucial role in water reabsorption and urine concentration.
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Which of the following could antagonize renal vasodilation induced by dopamine:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Atropine
- C. Prazosin
- D. Haloperidol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Haloperidol. Haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist, which means it blocks dopamine receptors. Dopamine induces renal vasodilation by acting on dopamine receptors in the kidneys. Therefore, blocking these receptors with haloperidol would antagonize the renal vasodilation effect of dopamine.
A: Propranolol is a beta-blocker that acts on beta receptors, not dopamine receptors.
B: Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and does not affect dopamine receptors.
C: Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist and does not target dopamine receptors.
Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aldosterone. Aldosterone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, leading to increased Na+ excretion. Progesterone (A) does not have a significant effect on Na+ excretion. Cortisol (B) mainly affects glucose metabolism and has minimal impact on Na+ excretion. Vasopressin (C) primarily regulates water reabsorption, not Na+ excretion. Therefore, Aldosterone has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion due to its specific role in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
You are providing care for a patient who underwent thyroidectomy 2 days ago. Which laboratory value requires close monitoring?
- A. Calcium
- B. Sodium
- C. Potassium
- D. White blood cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium levels should be closely monitored after a thyroidectomy due to the risk of hypocalcemia caused by damage or removal of the parathyroid glands.
What is the half-life of the isotope?
- A. 80s
- B. 100s
- C. 200s
- D. 2400s
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (80s) because the half-life of an isotope is the time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay. In this case, it takes 80 seconds for half of the nuclei to decay. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct time interval required for half of the nuclei to decay.
The most appropriate drug for treating myasthenia gravis is:
- A. Neostigmine
- B. Pilocarpine
- C. Succinylcholine
- D. Tubocurarine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neostigmine is the correct choice for treating myasthenia gravis as it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels, improving muscle strength. Pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist used for glaucoma. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used for intubation. Tubocurarine is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.