Endocrine System MCQ Questions

Endocrine System MCQ Questions Related

Review Endocrine System MCQ Questions related questions and content

A patient presents with weight loss, polyphagia, polydypsia, increased tiredness, vomiting, and hyperventilation. He is young and his parents are also diagnosed with the same disease. Which of the following is the most common etiological factor associated with this disease seen in older populations?

  • A. Smoking
  • B. Obesity
  • C. Hypertension
  • D. Infections
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obesity. In the given case, the patient most likely has type 1 diabetes, which commonly presents with the symptoms described. The genetic predisposition mentioned (parents diagnosed) also suggests type 1 diabetes. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is more common in older populations. Therefore, the most common etiological factor associated with diabetes in older populations is obesity.

A: Smoking is a risk factor for various diseases, but not typically associated with diabetes.
C: Hypertension is a common comorbidity with diabetes, but not a direct etiological factor.
D: Infections can sometimes trigger type 1 diabetes, but it is not the most common etiological factor associated with the disease in older populations.

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The most appropriate drug for treating myasthenia gravis is:

  • A. Neostigmine
  • B. Pilocarpine
  • C. Succinylcholine
  • D. Tubocurarine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neostigmine is the correct choice for treating myasthenia gravis as it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine levels, improving muscle strength. Pilocarpine is a muscarinic agonist used for glaucoma. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used for intubation. Tubocurarine is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

There are two simple ways to lower blood pressure: (1) reduce the cardiac contractility, and (2) inhibit sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction. Which one of the following drugs can lower blood pressure by both mechanisms?

  • A. Albuterol
  • B. Atropine
  • C. Labetalol
  • D. Isoproterenol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Labetalol is a non-selective beta-blocker that reduces cardiac contractility by blocking beta-1 receptors and inhibits sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction by blocking alpha-1 receptors. Albuterol (A) is a beta-2 agonist, which increases cardiac contractility. Atropine (B) is a muscarinic antagonist, which increases heart rate and does not affect vasoconstriction. Isoproterenol (D) is a non-selective beta agonist, which increases cardiac contractility and vasodilation. Thus, C (Labetalol) is the only drug that can lower blood pressure by both mechanisms.

Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________.

  • A. adipose tissue
  • B. heart
  • C. liver
  • D. hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: adipose tissue. Resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue and is known to antagonize the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue is a major source of various hormones, including resistin.

Option B: heart, and Option C: liver, are not the correct answers because resistin is not known to be produced by these organs.

Option D: hypothalamus, is also not the correct answer as resistin is not produced by the hypothalamus.

In summary, the correct answer is A because resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue, which plays a significant role in insulin resistance.

Which of the following is a symptom of Addison’s disease?

  • A. Hypertension
  • B. Weight gain
  • C. Hyperpigmentation
  • D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyperpigmentation. Addison's disease is a condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone. Hyperpigmentation is a common symptom due to elevated levels of ACTH stimulating melanin production. Other choices are incorrect because Addison's disease typically presents with hypotension, weight loss, and bradycardia, rather than hypertension, weight gain, or tachycardia.

Identify a gland that is controlled by an anterior pituitary hormone.

  • A. pancreas
  • B. parathyroid
  • C. adrenal medulla
  • D. ovary
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: ovary. The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that regulate the function of the ovaries. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of progesterone and estrogen. The pancreas (A) is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon from the pancreas itself. The parathyroid gland (B) is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands. The adrenal medulla (C) is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, not by anterior pituitary hormones.

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