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Which of the following systems work closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions?
- A. Cardiovascular system
- B. Respiratory system
- C. Reproductive system
- D. Nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nervous system. The nervous system works closely with the endocrine system to regulate and coordinate the body's functions through the release of neurotransmitters and hormones. The nervous system controls rapid responses, while the endocrine system controls slower, long-term processes. The cardiovascular system (A) primarily transports blood and nutrients, the respiratory system (B) is involved in gas exchange, and the reproductive system (C) is responsible for reproduction, none of which directly coordinate with the endocrine system.
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Identify a gland that is controlled by an anterior pituitary hormone.
- A. pancreas
- B. parathyroid
- C. adrenal medulla
- D. ovary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ovary. The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that regulate the function of the ovaries. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of progesterone and estrogen. The pancreas (A) is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon from the pancreas itself. The parathyroid gland (B) is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands. The adrenal medulla (C) is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, not by anterior pituitary hormones.
The following drug can be used in prophylaxis of migraine:
- A. Noradrenaline
- B. Amphetamine
- C. Propranolol
- D. Ergotamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol is the correct answer for migraine prophylaxis due to its beta-blocking properties, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. This helps prevent migraine attacks. Noradrenaline and amphetamine increase sympathetic activity, exacerbating migraines. Ergotamine is used for acute migraine attacks, not prophylaxis.
Which is NOT part of the normal content of gastric juice?
- A. HPO42-
- B. mucus
- C. lipase
- D. amylase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: amylase. Gastric juice primarily contains hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and mucus, but not amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced in the mouth and pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates, not typically found in gastric juice. HPO42- is a phosphate ion present in gastric juice. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats and can be found in pancreatic juice, not gastric juice. Mucus is secreted by the stomach lining to protect it from the acidic environment of gastric juice.
Most endocrine secretions are controlled by _____.
- A. positive feedback.
- B. negative feedback.
- C. neural feedback.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism in endocrine system regulation to maintain homeostasis.
Step 2: When hormone levels reach a certain set point, negative feedback signals the gland to stop producing that hormone.
Step 3: This ensures that hormone levels remain within a specific range.
Step 4: Positive feedback would lead to further hormone secretion, disrupting homeostasis.
Step 5: Neural feedback is not a common mechanism for regulating endocrine secretions.
In evaluating the effectiveness of a new insulin dosage for a diabetic patient, the nurse would
- A. check the urine for sugar and acetone
- B. collect a 24-hour urine specimen for acetone determination
- C. weigh the patient daily
- D. rotate the site of injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking urine for sugar and acetone provides a quick measure of whether the insulin dosage is adequate in controlling blood glucose levels.