Endocrine System MCQ Questions

Endocrine System MCQ Questions Related

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A floor nurse pages you about a patient who is having chest pain. You order an electrocardiogram and rush to see the patient. He describes the pain as tight pressure and is demonstrably sweating and gasping for air. The ECG comes back with acute ST-segment elevations in inferior leads, and you diagnose a myocardial infarction. You start giving the patient oxygen and give him sublingual nitroglycerin and morphine for pain. You also give him another medication, which you have read may prolong his survival in this situation. What class of medication is it?

  • A. β-Blocker
  • B. α-Agonist
  • C. Muscarinic agonist
  • D. Neuromuscular blocker
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: β-Blocker. β-Blockers are indicated in the management of myocardial infarction as they help reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. This results in less strain on the heart muscle and can improve survival outcomes. Additionally, β-blockers can prevent arrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrent infarction. In this scenario, where the patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations, the use of a β-blocker is crucial in managing the condition and improving the patient's prognosis.

Summary of other choices:
B: α-Agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
C: Muscarinic agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.
D: Neuromuscular blocker - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.

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Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

  • A. entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
  • B. finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity
  • C. stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen
  • D. increasing blood pressure
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble molecules that can pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors in the nucleus. This binding activates or inhibits gene transcription, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cellular responses. Choice B is incorrect because cAMP activity is typically associated with peptide hormones, not steroid hormones. Choice C is incorrect because steroid hormones do not stimulate glycogen synthesis. Choice D is incorrect because steroid hormones do not directly affect blood pressure regulation.

A nurse is taking care of a client with a parathyroid disorder. Which of the following nutrients does a client with hypoparathyroidism need more of?

  • A. Potassium
  • B. Calcium
  • C. Magnesium
  • D. Sodium
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clients with hypoparathyroidism need more calcium, as the condition involves low calcium levels due to insufficient parathyroid hormone.

Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion?

  • A. Progesterone
  • B. Cortisol
  • C. Vasopressin
  • D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aldosterone. Aldosterone directly influences the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, leading to increased Na+ excretion. Progesterone (A) does not have a significant effect on Na+ excretion. Cortisol (B) mainly affects glucose metabolism and has minimal impact on Na+ excretion. Vasopressin (C) primarily regulates water reabsorption, not Na+ excretion. Therefore, Aldosterone has the greatest effect on Na+ excretion due to its specific role in sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 diabetes include?

  • A. Ideal body weight
  • B. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels
  • C. A special diabetic diet using dietetic foods
  • D. Five small meals per day with a bedtime snack
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal is to maintain normal glucose and lipid levels and to achieve a healthy body weight.

Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________.

  • A. adipose tissue
  • B. heart
  • C. liver
  • D. hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: adipose tissue. Resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue and is known to antagonize the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue is a major source of various hormones, including resistin.

Option B: heart, and Option C: liver, are not the correct answers because resistin is not known to be produced by these organs.

Option D: hypothalamus, is also not the correct answer as resistin is not produced by the hypothalamus.

In summary, the correct answer is A because resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue, which plays a significant role in insulin resistance.

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