Nokea
How might changes in legislation to limit smoking in public places be considered a natural experiment?
- A. It provides real-world data on health impacts.
- B. It eliminates the need for clinical trials.
- C. It focuses solely on economic outcomes.
- D. It proves that smoking is harmless.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Legislative changes create natural experiments by observing health outcomes before and after implementation.
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What might explain a sudden increase in disease reports in one county?
- A. An outbreak in the county.
- B. Batch reports.
- C. Duplicate reports.
- D. Increase in the county's population and laboratory error.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Duplicate reports inflate the apparent number of cases without reflecting true incidence.
Identify the type of study design described: A random sample of middle-aged sedentary women was selected from four census tracts, and each subject was examined for evidence of osteoporosis. Those found to have the disease were excluded. All others were randomly assigned to either an exercise group, which followed a two-year program of systematic exercise, or a control group, which had no exercise program. Both groups were observed semiannually for incidence of osteoporosis.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Randomized controlled trial
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is a randomized controlled trial evaluating preventive measures.
Are health-care providers important sources of surveillance data?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health-care providers are crucial sources of surveillance data, providing vital information needed for public health action.
Nepal red cross society established in
- A. 1969
- B. 1963
- C. 1965
- D. 1967
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nepal Red Cross Society was founded in 1963.
Have similar events occurred in the United States?
- A. Yes, Three Mile Island (1979).
- B. No, such events are impossible.
- C. Yes, every decade since 1950.
- D. No, nuclear plants are entirely safe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The partial meltdown at Three Mile Island in 1979 is a notable example of a nuclear accident in the U.S.