Nokea
How much air does an adult inhale in an average breath?
- A. 500 mL
- B. 750 mL
- C. 1000 mL
- D. 1250 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An adult typically inhales around 500 mL of air in an average breath. This volume is known as tidal volume, representing the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Tidal volume plays a crucial role in efficient gas exchange in the lungs and maintaining adequate oxygen levels in the body. It is essential for proper respiratory function and ensuring the body receives the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration and overall metabolism.
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Where is the parathyroid gland located?
- A. neck
- B. back
- C. side
- D. brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parathyroid gland is located in the neck. It consists of four small glands situated behind the thyroid gland. These glands play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. The correct anatomical location of the parathyroid gland is in the neck, specifically behind the thyroid gland, making choice A the correct answer.
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
- A. Small intestine
- B. Oral cavity
- C. Esophagus
- D. Sternum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digestion begins in the oral cavity where food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing and mixed with saliva containing enzymes that start the process of breaking down carbohydrates. This mixture of food and saliva then travels down the esophagus into the stomach for further digestion. The oral cavity is where the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food initiates, setting the stage for the rest of the digestive process.
Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?
- A. Osteoblasts
- B. Neuroglia
- C. Osteocytes
- D. Arterioles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerve tissue is made up of neurons that transmit signals and neuroglia cells that support and protect the neurons. Neuroglia cells play a crucial role in providing structural support, insulation, and nutrients to neurons. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small arteries that carry blood away from the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, Neuroglia.
Which type of skin cancer can be recognized in lesion characteristics based on the ABCD rule?
- A. Melanoma
- B. Basal cell carcinoma
- C. Sarcoma
- D. Squamous cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ABCD rule is a method used to identify characteristics associated with melanoma, not basal cell carcinoma. The letters stand for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, and Diameter greater than 6mm. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, but it is not typically identified using the ABCD rule. Melanoma is the correct answer as it is the type of skin cancer recognized based on the ABCD rule.
Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and urinary system?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Ureter
- C. Testis
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urethra. The urethra is a part of both the male reproductive system, as it serves as the duct for semen during ejaculation, and the urinary system, as it allows the passage of urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, the ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm.