How should the nurse prepare an injection for a patient who takes both regular and NPH insulin?
- A. Draw up the NPH insulin, then the regular insulin, in the same syringe
- B. Draw up the regular insulin, then the NPH insulin, in the same syringe
- C. Use two separate syringes
- D. Check with the physician
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular (clear) is drawn first, then NPH (cloudy), to avoid contamination.
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Which of the following statement best describe collaboration in nursing?
- A. Working alone
- B. Working with others for care
- C. A competitive task
- D. A one-time event
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Collaboration is working with others for care (B), per nursing e.g., team goals. Not alone (A), not competitive (C), not one-time (D) joint effort. B best defines collaboration's teamwork, making it correct.
Which of the following statement best describe quality improvement?
- A. A one-time fix
- B. Ongoing effort to enhance care
- C. A punishment for errors
- D. A financial strategy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quality improvement is an ongoing effort to enhance care (B), per QI models e.g., PDSA cycles. Not one-time (A), not punishment (C), not just finance (D) continuous. B best defines QI's iterative nature, making it correct.
Which of the following is more life threatening?
- A. BP=180/100
- B. BP=160/120
- C. BP=90/60
- D. BP=80/50
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BP 80/50 is most life-threatening e.g., hypoperfusion risks failure vs. 180/100 (hypertension), 160/120 (severe), 90/60 (borderline). Nurses prioritize this e.g., fluids for stability, per hemodynamics.
Nursing identifies its domain in a paradigm that includes:
- A. The person, health, environment/situation and nursing
- B. Concepts, theory, health and environment
- C. Health, person, environment and theory
- D. Nurses, physicians, models and client needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nursing's paradigm comprises person (client), health (well-being goal), environment/situation (context), and nursing (practice) a metaparadigm unifying theories like Nightingale's or Watson's. This defines nursing's scope, focusing on client care holistically. Concepts, theory, health, and environment are abstract, not a complete paradigm missing 'person' and 'nursing.' Health, person, environment, and theory swap 'nursing' for 'theory,' confusing framework with product. Nurses, physicians, models, and needs mix roles and tools, not core concepts. The person, health, environment, and nursing quartet encapsulates nursing's domain, guiding practice and research comprehensively.
Which of the following is recognized for developing the concept of HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS?
- A. Erikson
- B. Madaw
- C. Peplau
- D. Dunn
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Halbert Dunn's High-Level Wellness (1950s) concept frames health as maximizing potential within environmental limits e.g., thriving despite chronic illness. Unlike Erikson's stages, Madaw (unknown), or Peplau's relations, Dunn's idea influences nursing's focus on optimal functioning, not just disease absence, shaping wellness programs.