Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions

Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Related

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Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are:

  • A. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.
  • B. characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
  • C. the consequences of a hormone-secreting tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
  • D. indicative of a deficiency of ADH.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar due to insufficient insulin to regulate glucose levels.
2. Glucosuria is the presence of glucose in urine, indicating excess blood sugar not being reabsorbed.
3. Polyuria is increased urine production due to osmotic diuresis from excess glucose in the urine.
4. Acidosis results from the breakdown of fats in the absence of sufficient glucose utilization.
5. All these symptoms align with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where insulin deficiency leads to these metabolic disturbances.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to inadequate ADH, not hyperglycemia.
C: Hormone-secreting tumor of beta cells would lead to hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
D: ADH deficiency would result in dilute urine and electrolyte imbalances

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You are preparing to review a teaching plan for a patient with type 2 diabetes. What will you check to determine the patient's level of compliance with his diabetic regimen?

  • A. Patient's fasting glucose level
  • B. Patient's oral glucose tolerance test results
  • C. Patient's glycosylated hemoglobin assay
  • D. Patient's fingerstick glucose check for 24 hours
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The glycosylated hemoglobin assay (HbA1c) provides an average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months and is the best indicator of long-term compliance with the diabetic regimen.

All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT

  • A. adrenal glands.
  • B. sweat glands.
  • C. parathyroid glands.
  • D. pineal gland.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: sweat glands. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting various organs and tissues. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are exocrine glands that release sweat through ducts onto the skin's surface to regulate body temperature. Adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline (A), parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body (C), and the pineal gland produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles (D). Therefore, sweat glands do not fit the definition of an endocrine gland, making them the correct choice.

Priority Decision: When caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome, what should the nurse give the highest priority to teaching the patient about?

  • A. Achieving a normal weight
  • B. Eliminating red meat from the diet
  • C. Performing daily aerobic exercise
  • D. Monitoring the blood glucose periodically
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Achieving and maintaining a normal weight is the highest priority in managing metabolic syndrome and preventing further complications.

Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of _______.

  • A. diabetes mellitus
  • B. hypoglycemia
  • C. hypothyroidism
  • D. hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: hyperthyroidism. Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure are classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This condition is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to an excess production of thyroid hormones. These hormones can cause an increase in metabolism, leading to symptoms such as nervousness, heat intolerance, and elevated heart rate. Diabetes mellitus (A) is not associated with increased body temperature or blood pressure. Hypoglycemia (B) is characterized by low blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as dizziness and confusion, not increased body temperature. Hypothyroidism (C) is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, not increased body temperature or blood pressure.

A patient presents with increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, hypertension, arthritis, menstrual disturbances, and diabetes mellitus. Upon administration of oral glucose, which of the following levels would increase?

  • A. GH
  • B. IGF
  • C. GH and IGF
  • D. ADH
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IGF. Increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, along with other symptoms, suggest acromegaly due to excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. GH stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which mediates many of GH's effects. In acromegaly, elevated IGF levels contribute to the clinical manifestations. Option A (GH) is incorrect because GH levels may be high but not necessarily in response to oral glucose. Option C (GH and IGF) is incorrect as GH alone does not directly increase in response to oral glucose. Option D (ADH) is unrelated to the scenario described.

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