Nokea
Hypernatremia is associated with a:
- A. Serum osmolality of 245mOsm/kg
- B. Urine specific gravity below 1.003
- C. Serum sodium of 150mEq/L
- D. Combination of all of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypernatremia is defined as an elevated serum sodium level above 145mEq/L. In this case, a serum sodium level of 150mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. The other options, serum osmolality of 245mOsm/kg and urine specific gravity below 1.003, are not specific criteria for the diagnosis of hypernatremia. The primary marker used for diagnosing hypernatremia is an elevated serum sodium level.
You may also like to solve these questions
Pulses can be graded according to certain criteria. Which is a description of a normal pulse?
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In grading pulses, the normal pulse is typically designated as +1. This indicates a pulse that is easily felt, normal in strength, and corresponds to a healthy pulse rate. A +1 pulse is considered regular, not too weak or too strong, and is indicative of good cardiovascular health. Any abnormalities in pulse strength or rate would be graded differently.
Pick one:
- A. Diabetes mellitus is three times more common in Hispanics than in Blacks or Whites.
- B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is less common than type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- C. Approximately one-half of the clients diagnosed with type 2 are obese.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement "Diabetes mellitus is three times more common in Hispanics than in Blacks or Whites" is accurate and supported by data. Studies have shown that diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is more prevalent among Hispanic populations compared to Black or White populations. Factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic status can contribute to this disparity. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these trends to provide appropriate and culturally sensitive care to individuals at higher risk for diabetes.
Before a cancer receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) resumes a normal diet, the nurse teaches him about dietary sources of minerals. Which foods are good sources of zinc?
- A. Fruits and yellow vegetables
- B. Fruits and green vegetables
- C. Yeast and legumes
- D. Whole grains and meats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, and overall growth and development. Good dietary sources of zinc include whole grains and meats. Whole grains such as wheat and rice contain moderate amounts of zinc, while meats such as beef, pork, and chicken are rich sources of this mineral. Including these foods in the diet can help ensure an adequate intake of zinc, especially for individuals who have increased nutritional needs like cancer patients receiving TPN.
Almost all of the diseases detected in neonatal screening programs have a very low prevalence; the strategy is to use the initial screening test to separate a highly suspect group from normal and then follow this suspect group aggressively. Of the following, the disease that has low prevalence rendering it not useful for neonatal screening testing is
- A. phenylketonuria
- B. hypothyroidism
- C. cystic fibrosis
- D. neuroblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neuroblastoma has a very low prevalence and is not typically screened for in neonatal programs due to its rarity and the inefficiency of mass screening for such a condition.
A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots. In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?
- A. Rubella
- B. Measles (rubeola)
- C. Chickenpox (varicella)
- D. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Koplik spots are small white spots with a bluish-white center on the buccal mucosa (inside the cheeks). They are a characteristic finding in measles (rubeola) and are considered an early sign of the disease. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. In addition to Koplik spots, other symptoms of measles include fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic rash that typically starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Vaccination is an effective way to prevent measles and its complications.