Nokea
Identify and define the five stages of change addressed in motivational interviewing.
- A. Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem
- B. Contemplation: recognizing the need to change; goal is to increase motivation
- C. Determination: planning and committing to action
- D. Action: applying the change in real situations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Precontemplation: denial of problem; goal is to create awareness of the problem. In motivational interviewing, the first stage is Precontemplation, where the individual is unaware or in denial of the problem. The goal is to help them recognize the issue and increase awareness.
Choice B (Contemplation) is incorrect because it comes after Precontemplation and involves recognizing the need to change, not denial. Choice C (Determination) is incorrect as it follows Contemplation and involves planning and committing to action. Choice D (Action) is incorrect as it is the stage where the individual applies the change, which comes after Determination.
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The psychological test measure problem solving is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. TAT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The WAIS includes subtests like block design that measure problem-solving ability.
A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation program says, 'I have been a loser all my life. I’m so ashamed of what I have put my family through. Now, I’m not even sure I can succeed at staying sober.' Which nursing diagnosis applies?
- A. Chronic low self-esteem
- B. Situational low self-esteem
- C. Disturbed personal identity
- D. Ineffective health maintenance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic low self-esteem. The patient's statement reflects long-standing feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness, indicating a chronic issue rather than a temporary situation (situational low self-esteem). The statement also reveals a negative perception of self, which aligns with chronic low self-esteem. Disturbed personal identity refers to confusion in one's sense of self, which is not evident in the patient's statement. Ineffective health maintenance pertains to the inability to identify, manage, and seek help for health problems, which is not the primary issue in this scenario. Therefore, A is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis.
Albert Ellis and Aron Beck contributed in ------therapy:
- A. Cognitive behavioral therapy
- B. REBT
- C. Rational Emotive Therapy
- D. None of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ellis (REBT) and Beck (cognitive therapy) both contributed to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), integrating thought and behavior.
You are a home health nurse caring for an elderly client in their home. They have children and grandchildren but they live far from the couple and they typically visit with your clients once to two times a year. The elderly man is beginning to show some of the signs of Alzheimer's disease dementia. The wife is also 88 years of age and has had a stroke which has left her with left sided weakness, but she is willing to help her husband and to maintain his safety. What kind of support should you give the wife in terms of her role caring for her husband?
- A. You should advise the couple to move closer to their children so that they can care for their father.
- B. You should teach the wife about this progressive disease and the need to promote as much independence as possible.
- C. You should teach the wife about this progressive disease and the need to do all that she can for the husband to avoid his depression and frustration.
- D. You should advise the couple to decrease their social activities in order to preserve the husband's dignity and self-esteem.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education on progression and independence (B) supports the wife's caregiving role.
Which of the following choices represents a barrier to health care for low-income patients in the U.S.?
- A. Limited health care and educational programs close to home
- B. Language proficiency
- C. Busy schedule
- D. Availability of brand-name medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Limited local resources restrict access for low-income patients.