Nokea
Identify one indicator for a narcotics antagonist to be prescribed.
- A. Treatment of narcotic dependence.
- B. Treatment of alcohol dependence.
- C. Reversal of tachycardia.
- D. Reversal of bronchoconstriction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Treatment of narcotic dependence. Narcotics antagonists are prescribed to counteract the effects of narcotics in the body. By blocking the receptors that narcotics bind to, these antagonists help in the treatment of narcotic dependence by reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because narcotics antagonists are not indicated for the treatment of alcohol dependence, reversal of tachycardia, or bronchoconstriction. The key indicator for prescribing a narcotics antagonist is its specific role in addressing narcotic dependence, making choice A the correct option.
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The nurse admits a patient to the unit and learns the patient has recently been diagnosed with chronic renal failure but has not informed the primary care provider of this diagnosis. What is the nurse's first priority?
- A. Maintain the patient's confidentiality.
- B. Administer medications ordered immediately.
- C. Provide teaching about chronic renal failure.
- D. Call the admitting physician immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Call the admitting physician immediately. The nurse's first priority should be to inform the physician of the patient's recent diagnosis of chronic renal failure to ensure appropriate care and treatment. This action is crucial for the patient's safety and well-being. Maintaining confidentiality (A) is important but not the priority in this situation. Administering medications (B) should only be done after informing the physician about the diagnosis. Providing teaching (C) about the condition can wait until the physician is informed.
The nurse evaluates the effects of warfarin by monitoring what lab test?
- A. Platelet count.
- B. Activated thromboplastin time (APT).
- C. Red blood count (RBC).
- D. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitoring PT and INR levels helps assess the effectiveness and safety of warfarin therapy. PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, while INR standardizes PT results. Platelet count (A) assesses clot formation ability, not warfarin effects. APT (B) primarily evaluates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. RBC count (C) measures oxygen-carrying capacity, unrelated to warfarin effects.
A patient who has recently begun taking captopril (Capoten) to treat HTN calls a clinic to report a persistent cough. The nurse will perform which action?
- A. Reassure the client that this is nothing to worry about and will diminish over time.
- B. Tell the patient to stop taking the drug immediately as this is a serious side effect of the drug.
- C. Schedule an appointment with the provider to discuss changing to an ARB.
- D. Instruct the patient to go to the emergency room immediately as this is a hypersensitivity reaction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should schedule an appointment with the provider to discuss changing to an ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker). Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a persistent cough as a common side effect due to increased bradykinin levels. Switching to an ARB, which works similarly but does not affect bradykinin levels, can resolve the cough while still effectively treating hypertension.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Incorrect. Persistent cough with captopril is not something to be disregarded as it can impact the patient's quality of life and adherence to treatment.
B: Incorrect. Stopping the medication abruptly without provider guidance can lead to uncontrolled hypertension.
D: Incorrect. A hypersensitivity reaction typically involves more severe symptoms beyond just a cough.
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in the patient?
- A. Gastrointestinal (GI) and lower extremity muscles.
- B. Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition.
- C. Respiratory and facial muscles.
- D. Cardiovascular system and postural muscles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory and facial muscles. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. Symptoms commonly affect muscles involved in breathing (respiratory) and facial expressions, such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, speaking, and facial drooping. Monitoring these systems is crucial as respiratory muscle weakness can lead to respiratory failure. Choice A is incorrect because myasthenia gravis does not typically affect gastrointestinal or lower extremity muscles primarily. Choice B is incorrect as the primary symptoms of myasthenia gravis do not involve the central nervous system but rather the neuromuscular junction. Choice D is incorrect as myasthenia gravis does not directly impact the cardiovascular system or postural muscles.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to a patient who has cancer. At the public health department, a nurse administers a measles mumps rubella vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of the three nurses?
- A. Pharmacodynamics.
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics.
- C. Pharmacoeconomics.
- D. Pharmacokinetics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pharmacotherapeutics. Pharmacotherapeutics focuses on the use of drugs to treat diseases or alleviate symptoms. In this scenario, the nurses are administering medications with the intention of treating or preventing specific conditions: iodine for imaging in radiology, chemotherapy for cancer treatment, and the MMR vaccine for immunization. Pharmacodynamics (A) deals with the effects of drugs on the body, not the therapeutic use. Pharmacoeconomics (C) involves the cost-effectiveness of drug therapy, not the administration of drugs. Pharmacokinetics (D) focuses on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, not the therapeutic purpose of drug administration. Therefore, Pharmacotherapeutics is the best branch of pharmacology to describe the actions of the nurses in this scenario.