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Identify the etiologic or causal statement component of the following community diagnosis: 'There is an increased risk for undetected testicular cancer among young men related to insufficient knowledge about the disease and the methods for preventing and detecting it at an early stage as demonstrated by high rates of late initiation of treatment.'
- A. Risk for undetected testicular cancer
- B. Young men
- C. Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention
- D. High rates of late initiation of treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention. This component of the community diagnosis is the etiologic or causal statement because it identifies the root cause of the increased risk for undetected testicular cancer among young men. Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention leads to high rates of late initiation of treatment, which in turn contributes to the increased risk. The other choices (A, B, and D) are not the etiologic statement because they are either outcomes or demographic factors related to the issue, but they do not directly address the root cause of the problem.
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While on a hiking trip, a Girl Scout unit rested on Mt. Makiling when scout Jaymee, 14 years old, complained of a sudden, moderately bearable toothache. In their first-aid kit, they discovered they had no mefenamic acid but luckily stumbled upon a home that uses alternative pain-relieving medicinal plants. Which plant would be helpful for the toothache?
- A. Bawang (garlic)
- B. Lagundi
- C. Sambong
- D. Tsaang gubat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bawang (garlic). Garlic has natural antibacterial properties that can help alleviate toothache caused by bacterial infection. When chewed or applied topically, garlic can reduce inflammation and pain. It is a common home remedy for toothaches.
Summary of other choices:
B: Lagundi - Lagundi is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, but it is more commonly used for respiratory issues, not toothaches.
C: Sambong - Sambong is primarily used for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, not typically for toothache relief.
D: Tsaang gubat - Tsaang gubat is a medicinal plant used for stomach and digestive issues, not specifically for toothaches.
What are the major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs?
- A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
- B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
- C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
- D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Unhealthy diet contributes to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Step 2: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers.
Step 3: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Summary: B is incorrect as it mentions hypertension and poor stress management, which are not common to all 4 NCDs. C is incorrect as it includes obesity, not common to all 4 NCDs. D is incorrect as it includes alcoholism, which is not common to all 4 NCDs.
The community health nurse is involved in public health work. Which of these statements by the nurse reflects an understanding of upstream interventions?
- A. I will engage in policy initiatives in my urban area.
- B. I will administer the flu shot to interested seniors.
- C. I will help manage a senior's diabetes needs at home.
- D. I will work with a local school to provide asthma education.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Option A is correct as it involves engaging in policy initiatives which are considered upstream interventions in public health. Upstream interventions target the root causes of health issues at a population level. Policy initiatives can lead to systemic changes that impact the health of entire communities. Options B, C, and D are more focused on individual or downstream interventions, which address health issues after they have already occurred and do not target the underlying causes on a larger scale.
Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate to address parasitism issues?
- A. Administering broad-spectrum antihelminthic treatment to patients
- B. Emphasizing the importance of thoroughly washing vegetables, especially if consumed raw
- C. Instructing on proper stool disposal and emphasizing not to use it as fertilizer
- D. Promoting hand washing before and after meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because proper stool disposal and advising against using it as fertilizer are crucial in preventing the spread of parasites. This intervention targets the source of parasitic infections. Choice A is incorrect as administering antihelminthic treatment is reactive, not preventive. Choice B is important for preventing bacterial contamination, not specifically for parasitism. Choice D is a general hygiene measure and does not directly address parasitism issues. Thus, choice C is the most appropriate nursing intervention for addressing parasitism.
When writing a community diagnosis, the community health nurse notes that the 'among' phrase:
- A. Presents a synthesis of all assessment data.
- B. Provides the supporting data.
- C. Specifies the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan.
- D. Describes the cause of the health problem and directs focus of interventions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because specifying the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan is a key component of a community diagnosis. This step helps in identifying the target population for interventions and ensures that resources are allocated effectively.
A: Presenting a synthesis of all assessment data is important but not specific to the 'among' phrase.
B: Providing supporting data is necessary but does not directly relate to the 'among' phrase.
D: Describing the cause of the health problem and directing focus of interventions is crucial but not the primary focus of the 'among' phrase.