Nokea
The public health RN is working with a client who desires to quit smoking. The client says to the RN, 'I want to quit but I just don't think I have it in me to really make it happen.' According to the Health Belief Model, this response relates to which factor:
- A. Susceptibility
- B. Self-efficacy
- C. Severity
- D. Cue to action
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Self-efficacy. Self-efficacy in the Health Belief Model refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a behavior, such as quitting smoking. In this scenario, the client expressing doubt in their ability to quit indicates a lack of self-efficacy. This belief can greatly impact their motivation and likelihood of success in behavior change.
Summary:
A: Susceptibility relates to the individual's belief in their vulnerability to a health condition, not their confidence in behavior change.
C: Severity pertains to the individual's perception of the seriousness of the health condition, not their belief in their ability to make a change.
D: Cue to action refers to external stimuli triggering behavior change, not the individual's confidence in their ability to perform the behavior.
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While on a hiking trip, a Girl Scout unit rested on Mt. Makiling when scout Jaymee, 14 years old, complained of a sudden, moderately bearable toothache. In their first-aid kit, they discovered they had no mefenamic acid but luckily stumbled upon a home that uses alternative pain-relieving medicinal plants. Which plant would be helpful for the toothache?
- A. Bawang (garlic)
- B. Lagundi
- C. Sambong
- D. Tsaang gubat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bawang (garlic). Garlic has natural antibacterial properties that can help alleviate toothache caused by bacterial infection. When chewed or applied topically, garlic can reduce inflammation and pain. It is a common home remedy for toothaches.
Summary of other choices:
B: Lagundi - Lagundi is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, but it is more commonly used for respiratory issues, not toothaches.
C: Sambong - Sambong is primarily used for its diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties, not typically for toothache relief.
D: Tsaang gubat - Tsaang gubat is a medicinal plant used for stomach and digestive issues, not specifically for toothaches.
Fee-for-service care is best characterized by which statement:
- A. Fees are scaled based on the patient's ability to pay and are capped.
- B. Fees reflect the fair market value of health care services being provided.
- C. Adequate fee schedules enable hospitals and clinics to function properly.
- D. Fees are not uniform throughout most states as they are fairly unregulated.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because fee-for-service care typically involves fees that vary and are not uniform across states due to minimal regulation. This variability allows providers to set their own prices based on factors such as demand, competition, and cost of services. This system promotes flexibility but can lead to inconsistencies and higher costs.
A is incorrect because fee-for-service care is not typically based on the patient's ability to pay or capped. B is incorrect because fees are not necessarily reflective of the fair market value and can be influenced by other factors. C is incorrect because fee schedules are not the primary factor enabling hospitals and clinics to function properly in a fee-for-service system.
When assisting clients in changing their behavior, what would be the most effective approach?
- A. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach
- B. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior
- C. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family
- D. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach is evidence-based and widely recognized for behavior change. Asking about behavior, advising to change, assessing readiness, assisting in making changes, and arranging follow-ups are key steps in effective behavior change interventions. Encouraging interaction with others (B) may help, but not as structured as A. Guilt-tripping (C) can lead to resistance and harm the therapeutic relationship. Subtle rewards (D) may provide short-term motivation but lack the systematic approach of A.
As an important tool for planning a community health survey was conducted, the first tangible outcome of collaboration and teamwork with the Local Health Department and its Rural Health Units (RHUs) was observed. This later led to case findings activities via collection and examination of stools from children for suspected parasitism. Which of the following community nursing diagnoses will guide the Parish Health Team for concrete action?
- A. Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis
- B. Malnutrition as a health deficit
- C. Parasitism as a health deficit
- D. Parasitism as a health threat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Parasitism as a health threat. This diagnosis guides the Parish Health Team to take concrete action because parasitism poses a direct risk to the community's health. By identifying parasitism as a health threat, the team can prioritize interventions to prevent and control the spread of parasites, ensuring the well-being of the population.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis - This choice does not provide a clear direction for action and lacks a sense of urgency compared to a health threat.
B: Malnutrition as a health deficit - While malnutrition is a significant issue, the question specifically mentions suspected parasitism as the focus of case findings activities.
C: Parasitism as a health deficit - This choice does not emphasize the immediate danger posed by parasitism, unlike the concept of a health threat.
In the Philippines, Community Health Nursing (CHN) involves health care provisions for individuals, families, population groups, and communities. During community health work, various health care strategies are utilized. The legal basis for incorporating traditional, non-traditional, alternative, or complementary health care strategies may be found in:
- A. PhilHealth Act
- B. Traditional and Alternative Health Care Law
- C. Philippine Nursing Act
- D. Philippine Medical Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Traditional and Alternative Health Care Law. This law specifically addresses the integration of traditional, non-traditional, alternative, or complementary health care strategies into the healthcare system. This legal basis allows for the incorporation of diverse health care practices to cater to the cultural beliefs and preferences of the Filipino population.
A: PhilHealth Act primarily focuses on health insurance and financial assistance, not on the integration of traditional health care strategies.
C: Philippine Nursing Act regulates the nursing profession and does not specifically address the integration of traditional health care practices.
D: Philippine Medical Act governs medical practice standards and does not directly relate to the incorporation of traditional or alternative health care strategies.