Nokea
What is the learning process aimed at improving health status through changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices?
- A. Motivating
- B. Counseling
- C. Disease prevention
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Health education. This learning process focuses on improving health through knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education aims to empower individuals to make informed decisions for their well-being. Motivating (A) is about encouraging action, counseling (B) involves providing guidance and support, and disease prevention (C) targets specific strategies to reduce the risk of illnesses. In this context, health education encompasses a broader approach to promoting overall health and wellness.
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As an important tool for planning a community health survey was conducted, the first tangible outcome of collaboration and teamwork with the Local Health Department and its Rural Health Units (RHUs) was observed. This later led to case findings activities via collection and examination of stools from children for suspected parasitism. Which of the following community nursing diagnoses will guide the Parish Health Team for concrete action?
- A. Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis
- B. Malnutrition as a health deficit
- C. Parasitism as a health deficit
- D. Parasitism as a health threat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Parasitism as a health threat. This diagnosis guides the Parish Health Team to take concrete action because parasitism poses a direct risk to the community's health. By identifying parasitism as a health threat, the team can prioritize interventions to prevent and control the spread of parasites, ensuring the well-being of the population.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis - This choice does not provide a clear direction for action and lacks a sense of urgency compared to a health threat.
B: Malnutrition as a health deficit - While malnutrition is a significant issue, the question specifically mentions suspected parasitism as the focus of case findings activities.
C: Parasitism as a health deficit - This choice does not emphasize the immediate danger posed by parasitism, unlike the concept of a health threat.
Fee-for-service care is best characterized by which statement:
- A. Fees are scaled based on the patient's ability to pay and are capped.
- B. Fees reflect the fair market value of health care services being provided.
- C. Adequate fee schedules enable hospitals and clinics to function properly.
- D. Fees are not uniform throughout most states as they are fairly unregulated.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because fee-for-service care typically involves fees that vary and are not uniform across states due to minimal regulation. This variability allows providers to set their own prices based on factors such as demand, competition, and cost of services. This system promotes flexibility but can lead to inconsistencies and higher costs.
A is incorrect because fee-for-service care is not typically based on the patient's ability to pay or capped. B is incorrect because fees are not necessarily reflective of the fair market value and can be influenced by other factors. C is incorrect because fee schedules are not the primary factor enabling hospitals and clinics to function properly in a fee-for-service system.
The public health RN is engaging with a teen in his community who is concerned about how he will be able to stay part of his friend group when they are all vaping and your client does not want to take part but does not want to feel awkward. Using motivational interviewing techniques, the RN says to the client, 'I understand this concern. Please tell me more about this and how it feels awkward for you.' The RN's question is an example of:
- A. Moving the teen to find a new friend group.
- B. Addressing the problem of teen awkwardness.
- C. Agreeing that awkwardness is hard.
- D. Using open-ended questioning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using open-ended questioning. The RN's question is open-ended, allowing the teen to express thoughts and feelings freely. This technique helps the client explore their concerns and motivations, fostering self-reflection and problem-solving. This approach aligns with motivational interviewing principles, aiming to evoke the client's own reasons for change.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Moving the teen to find a new friend group - This option involves a directive approach, which is contrary to motivational interviewing's collaborative and client-centered nature.
B: Addressing the problem of teen awkwardness - While acknowledging the teen's feelings, this choice focuses on the issue rather than facilitating the client's exploration of their own perspective.
C: Agreeing that awkwardness is hard - This choice reflects empathy, but it does not encourage the client to elaborate on their feelings and thoughts, limiting the depth of the conversation.
What are the major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs?
- A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
- B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
- C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
- D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Unhealthy diet contributes to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Step 2: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers.
Step 3: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases.
Summary: B is incorrect as it mentions hypertension and poor stress management, which are not common to all 4 NCDs. C is incorrect as it includes obesity, not common to all 4 NCDs. D is incorrect as it includes alcoholism, which is not common to all 4 NCDs.
When assisting clients in changing their behavior, what would be the most effective approach?
- A. Counseling through the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach
- B. Encouraging them to interact with others who also need to change their behavior
- C. Showing them how the inappropriate behavior is hurting their friends and family
- D. Using subtle rewards when small steps are taken toward the appropriate behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach is evidence-based and widely recognized for behavior change. Asking about behavior, advising to change, assessing readiness, assisting in making changes, and arranging follow-ups are key steps in effective behavior change interventions. Encouraging interaction with others (B) may help, but not as structured as A. Guilt-tripping (C) can lead to resistance and harm the therapeutic relationship. Subtle rewards (D) may provide short-term motivation but lack the systematic approach of A.