Nokea
If a neonate's hemoglobin is 19.3 shortly after birth, a typical value at 7 days is
- A. 22.4 g/dL
- B. 19.3 g/dL
- C. 17.4 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonatal hemoglobin levels naturally decline as the body adjusts to extrauterine life.
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During which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone circulating in high amounts?
- A. Proliferative phase
- B. Menstrual phase
- C. Ovulatory phase
- D. Luteal phase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone at high levels. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy. The proliferative phase (A) is characterized by estrogen dominance, preparing the endometrium for ovulation. The menstrual phase (B) involves shedding of the endometrium due to decreased hormone levels. The ovulatory phase (C) is marked by the release of the egg but not high progesterone levels. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the physiological events of the ovarian cycle.
A common complication in the newborn infant of a diabetic mother is
- A. hyperglycemia
- B. anemia
- C. hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers often experience hypoglycemia due to high insulin levels in response to maternal hyperglycemia.
Morula is a developmental stage which occurs:
- A. After the implantation
- B. Between the zygote and blastocyst
- C. Between the blastocyst and gastrula
- D. Between implantation and parturition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the morula is a stage between the zygote (fertilized egg) and blastocyst (hollow ball of cells). After fertilization, the zygote undergoes multiple rounds of cell division to form a compact cluster of cells known as the morula. This stage precedes the blastocyst stage where the cells differentiate and form an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer.
A) After implantation is incorrect because the morula forms before implantation.
C) Between the blastocyst and gastrula is incorrect as the morula occurs before the blastocyst stage.
D) Between implantation and parturition is incorrect as the morula stage occurs much earlier in development.
A respiratory pattern characterized by -15 seconds of shallow rapid breathing followed by a 5- second respiratory pause with spontaneous return of breathing and no associated distress or color change is called
- A. periodic breathing
- B. central apnea
- C. transient tachypnea of the newborn
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periodic breathing is a normal variant in newborns, characterized by brief pauses in breathing.
The presence of bilirubin in amniotic fluid usually indicates
- A. chromosomal abnormalities
- B. Rh-sensitized pregnancy
- C. infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bilirubin in amniotic fluid suggests fetal hemolysis in Rh-sensitized pregnancies.