Nokea
If a woman with flat nipples has started using a nipple shield while breastfeeding but the infant is not gaining adequate weight, the nurse should advise the woman to
- A. provide supplemental bottle feedings
- B. use the nipple shield for only 1 or 2 minutes
- C. stop breastfeeding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supplementation ensures adequate nutrition until effective breastfeeding is established.
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The clinic nurse is reviewing breastfeeding with a pregnant patient. Which hormone will the nurse explain is responsible for milk production after the birth of the placenta?
- A. Pitocin
- B. Prolactin
- C. Estrogen
- D. Progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production after the birth of the placenta. It stimulates the alveoli in the breast to produce milk. Pitocin (A) is responsible for uterine contractions. Estrogen (C) and progesterone (D) are involved in pregnancy maintenance but do not directly stimulate milk production.
When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.
- A. ectopic pregnancy
- B. inflamed appendix
- C. ovarian torsion
- D. submucosal fibroid
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.
A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture.
B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment.
C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis.
D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.
The CARE principles applied to the care of a pregnant woman refer to (C) communication, (A) advocate, (R) respect, and (E)
- A. enable
- B. educate
- C. engage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enable emphasizes empowering women to make informed decisions about their care.
Which characteristic best describes the levator ani?
- A. Division of the fallopian tube
- B. Collection of three pairs of muscles
- C. Imaginary line that divides the true pelvis and false pelvis
- D. Basin-shaped structure at the lower end of the spine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Collection of three pairs of muscles. The levator ani is a group of muscles in the pelvis that includes the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus muscles. These muscles provide support to the pelvic organs and play a role in bowel and bladder control. The other choices are incorrect because the levator ani is not related to the fallopian tube (A), an imaginary line dividing the true and false pelvis (C), or a basin-shaped structure at the lower end of the spine (D).
What is the primary function of the endometrial layer of the uterus?
- A. Increase in density and content during each menstrual cycle
- B. Prepare to receive and nourish a fertilized ovum (blastocyst)
- C. Produce the hormones that regulate ovulation
- D. Maintain pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepare to receive and nourish a fertilized ovum (blastocyst). The primary function of the endometrial layer of the uterus is to provide a suitable environment for implantation and nourishment of a fertilized egg. During the menstrual cycle, the endometrial layer thickens in preparation for potential pregnancy. If fertilization occurs, the blastocyst implants into the endometrium for further development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the endometrial layer does not primarily function to increase in density during each cycle, produce ovulation-regulating hormones, or maintain pregnancy, respectively.