Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

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What type of medication would the nurse prepare to speak about with a patient recently diagnosed with endometriosis?

  • A. oral contraceptives
  • B. selective serotonin inhibitors
  • C. dopamine agonist
  • D. bisphosphonates
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are commonly prescribed for managing endometriosis by regulating the menstrual cycle and reducing symptoms. They help control estrogen levels, which can alleviate pain and inflammation associated with endometriosis. Selective serotonin inhibitors (B) are used for treating depression and anxiety, not endometriosis. Dopamine agonists (C) are used for conditions like Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia, not endometriosis. Bisphosphonates (D) are used to treat osteoporosis, not endometriosis. Therefore, oral contraceptives are the most appropriate medication to discuss with a patient diagnosed with endometriosis.

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The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands.

  • A. Bartholin
  • B. Cowper
  • C. Skene
  • D. Huntington
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The greater vestibular glands are also known as Bartholin's glands.

What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient who presents with very painful menstrual cramps that prevent them from working each month?

  • A. amenorrhea
  • B. dysmenorrhea
  • C. premenstrual syndrome
  • D. abnormal uterine bleeding
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps that can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities like work. This condition is common and can be caused by increased prostaglandin levels leading to uterine contractions. Amenorrhea (A) is the absence of menstruation, not painful cramps. Premenstrual syndrome (C) involves a variety of physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation, but not necessarily severe cramps. Abnormal uterine bleeding (D) refers to irregular or excessive bleeding, not specifically related to cramps.

Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?

  • A. A 50-year-old patient on estrogen therapy
  • B. A 55-year-old patient with a sedentary lifestyle
  • C. A 65-year-old patient who walks 2 miles each day
  • D. A 60-year-old patient who takes supplemental calcium
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osteoporosis is more common in individuals with sedentary lifestyles due to decreased bone density from lack of weight-bearing exercise. Choice A on estrogen therapy may have lower risk. Choice C, who exercises, has a reduced risk. Choice D with calcium intake may help prevent osteoporosis but not as effective as weight-bearing exercise.

Hindmilk (milk that flows later in a feeding) has a higher concentration of which of the following substances than foremilk?

  • A. fat
  • B. protein
  • C. colostrum
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hindmilk contains more fat, providing essential calories and nutrients for the infant.

Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system?

  • A. Ovary
  • B. Vagina
  • C. Fallopian tube
  • D. Mammary glands
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The ovary is considered a primary sex organ, not an accessory organ, as it produces ova and hormones.

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