Nokea
The neural tube defect that is most likely to result in hydrocephalus is
- A. spina bifida occulta
- B. myelomeningocele
- C. meningocele
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myelomeningocele often accompanies Chiari II malformation, predisposing to hydrocephalus.
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Characteristics of jitteriness include
- A. ocular deviations
- B. clonic jerking with fast and slow elements
- C. increased heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jitteriness involves rhythmic tremors, distinct from seizures, and can occur in newborns.
Which characteristic best describes the levator ani?
- A. Division of the fallopian tube
- B. Collection of three pairs of muscles
- C. Imaginary line that divides the true pelvis and false pelvis
- D. Basin-shaped structure at the lower end of the spine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Collection of three pairs of muscles. The levator ani is a group of muscles in the pelvis that includes the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus muscles. These muscles provide support to the pelvic organs and play a role in bowel and bladder control. The other choices are incorrect because the levator ani is not related to the fallopian tube (A), an imaginary line dividing the true and false pelvis (C), or a basin-shaped structure at the lower end of the spine (D).
The drug-exposed infant is most likely to have symptoms of withdrawal in the newborn period after chronic intrauterine exposure to
- A. caffeine
- B. marijuana
- C. oxycodone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioids like oxycodone can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, characterized by withdrawal symptoms.
Dichorionic-diamniotic twins result from separation of embryonic cells at the:
- A. Four-cell stage
- B. Blastocyst stage
- C. Implantation stage
- D. Trilaminar disc stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Four-cell stage. Dichorionic-diamniotic twins occur when the embryo splits into two separate embryos very early in development, typically at the four-cell stage. At this stage, each embryo will have its own chorion and amnion, leading to separate placentas and amniotic sacs. Choices B, C, and D occur later in development and do not result in the formation of two separate embryos with their own chorion and amnion, making them incorrect for the scenario of dichorionic-diamniotic twins.
Menstruation occurs because the:
- A. Hormone stimulation from the corpus luteum ceases.
- B. Blood vessels in the uterine lining become too long and twisted.
- C. Corpus luteum increases estrogen and progesterone production.
- D. Ovum has been passed from the woman's body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone and estrogen levels drop, causing the uterine lining to shed.