Nokea
If bottle-feeding a neonate with cleft lip and cleft palate, the nipple should be
- A. shorter than normal size
- B. normal size for gestation
- C. longer than normal size
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Longer nipples accommodate structural anomalies, facilitating feeding.
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Which phases are included in the ovarian cycle?
- A. Proliferative and secretory phases
- B. Estrogen and progesterone phases
- C. Endometrial and luteal phases
- D. Follicular and luteal phases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase (development of ovarian follicles) and the luteal phase (release of the egg and formation of the corpus luteum). The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Proliferative and secretory phases refer to phases of the menstrual cycle, not the ovarian cycle.
B: Estrogen and progesterone are hormones involved in the ovarian cycle, but they do not represent the phases themselves.
C: Endometrial and luteal phases involve the uterus and not specifically the ovary.
A few weeks after delivery, if a woman complains that she cannot sleep, has little appetite and has begun having anxiety attacks and fears that she cannot take adequate care of her neonate, the most likely cause is
- A. postpartum depression
- B. postpartum blues
- C. postpartum psychosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postpartum depression involves persistent mood disturbances and functional impairment.
A method of heat production unique to newborn infants is the metabolism of
- A. bilirubin
- B. brown fat
- C. prostaglandin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brown fat metabolism generates heat in newborns, helping them maintain body temperature.
Which are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Bones and liver
- C. Heart and blood vessels
- D. Skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bones and liver. Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bones and liver due to their rich blood supply, making them favorable sites for cancer cells to spread. Bones provide a supportive environment for cancer growth, while liver offers a hospitable environment for circulating cancer cells. Other choices are incorrect as breast cancer rarely metastasizes to kidneys, heart, blood vessels, or skin. Kidneys are not common sites for breast cancer spread, and heart and blood vessels lack the conducive environment for cancer growth. Skin metastasis in breast cancer is rare and usually indicates advanced disease.
While performing a self-breast exam, the patient notes an area on the right breast that is nodular, with some associated tenderness. This is a new onset finding because the exams were
- A. The patient calls to report her findings to the clinical nurse because this is not her typical result. What action should the nurse perform next?
- B. Refer the patient to an oncologist because the results are suspicious.
- C. Ask the patient to come in for an office visit so that the findings can be validated but tell her that this information is within the normal range of presentation.
- D. Have the patient wear a tight-fitting bra and tell her that the tenderness is associated with ovulation and will pass.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a new nodular area with tenderness in the breast is concerning for a potential breast abnormality or pathology. The nurse should advise the patient to report these findings promptly to a healthcare provider for further evaluation, which may include a clinical breast exam, imaging studies, and possibly a biopsy if warranted.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because B jumps to a conclusion without proper assessment or evaluation, C downplays the significance of the findings without proper validation, and D provides inaccurate information about the association of tenderness with ovulation, which is not relevant in this context.