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It is not uncommon for at least some fibers of the levator ani to become stretched or damaged in women who have experienced vaginal delivery of a full-term infant. What are the possible results of this damage?
- A. Urinary or fecal incontinence, dysmenorrhea, or salpingitis
- B. Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or hydrosalpinx
- C. Prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, rectal prolapse through the anus, or salpingitis
- D. Urinary or fecal incontinence, prolapse of the uterus into the vagina, or rectal prolapse through the anus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Damage to the levator ani can result in urinary or fecal incontinence, prolapse of the uterus, or rectal prolapse.
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A young female patient comes to the health unit at school to discuss her irregular periods. In providing education regardinNg thRe feImalGe reBpr.odCuctMive cycle, the nurse describes the regular U S N T O and recurrent changes related to the ovaries and the uterine endometrium. Although this is generally referred to as the menstrual cycle, the ovarian cycle includes which phases? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Follicular
- B. Ovulatory
- C. Luteal
- D. Proliferative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Follicular phase. The ovarian cycle consists of two main phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. During the follicular phase, the ovarian follicles mature in preparation for ovulation. This phase is characterized by rising levels of estrogen. The luteal phase follows ovulation and is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum and increased progesterone levels to support a potential pregnancy. The ovulatory phase is not a distinct phase of the ovarian cycle but rather the event of ovulation itself. Proliferative phase is a term used to describe changes in the uterine endometrium, not the ovarian cycle. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as it accurately reflects the phases of the ovarian cycle.
Infectious mastitis in the breastfeeding mother has which of the following characteristics?
- A. it is treated by cessation of breastfeeding
- B. it usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery
- C. it can often be prevented with proper breastfeeding technique
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper breastfeeding techniques can help prevent mastitis by ensuring adequate milk drainage.
The antibiotic agent that should be avoided for long-term use while a woman is breastfeeding is
- A. tetracyclines
- B. erythromycin
- C. cephalosporins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tetracyclines can discolor developing teeth and affect bone growth in infants.
A few weeks after delivery, if a woman complains that she cannot sleep, has little appetite and has begun having anxiety attacks and fears that she cannot take adequate care of her neonate, the most likely cause is
- A. postpartum depression
- B. postpartum blues
- C. postpartum psychosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postpartum depression involves persistent mood disturbances and functional impairment.
The sign most concerning for congenital heart disease in the newborn infant is
- A. fever
- B. central cyanosis
- C. acrocyanosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Central cyanosis indicates poor oxygenation and may suggest underlying cardiac issues.