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If it is the right of the patient to decide whom to disclose personal medical information to, how should the physician respond when requested to withhold information about a diagnosis from family members?
- A. Attempt to convince the patient to tell his/her family of their diagnosis
- B. Ignore the patient's request and ask to have a family conference
- C. Accept the patient's wishes without further discussion
- D. Initiate further discussion and help the patient identify a surrogate decision maker
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Discussion respects autonomy while preparing for future decision-making needs.
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----% have mild intellectual disability:
- A. 88
- B. 89
- C. 85
- D. 86
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: About 85% of those with intellectual disability have mild forms, manageable with support.
he Montessori approach believes that discipline is
- A. Imposed
- B. Self-imposed
- C. Punitive
- D. External
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori fosters self-imposed discipline through independence and responsibility.
The desired outcome of working with an individual who has witnessed a traumatic event and is now experiencing panic anxiety is:
- A. The individual will experience no anxiety.
- B. The individual will demonstrate hope for the future.
- C. The individual will maintain anxiety at manageable level.
- D. The individual will verbalize acceptance of self as worthy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it focuses on managing the anxiety at a manageable level, which is a realistic and achievable goal in the short term. This approach acknowledges the individual's current state and aims to provide coping strategies to help them function despite the anxiety. Option A is incorrect as it is unrealistic to expect no anxiety after a traumatic event. Option B is not the immediate priority when the individual is experiencing panic anxiety. Option D is also incorrect as self-acceptance may be a long-term goal but is not the immediate focus in managing panic anxiety.
Which treatment has been identified as a best practice for persons with borderline personality disorder?
- A. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
- B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- C. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
- D. Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). DBT is specifically designed for individuals with borderline personality disorder, focusing on emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness. It has shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors and improving overall functioning. CBT (B) may be helpful for some symptoms but lacks the comprehensive approach of DBT. MBCT (C) is primarily used for depression and may not address the specific needs of individuals with borderline personality disorder. ERP (D) is used for anxiety disorders, not BPD.
When a person first begins drinking alcohol, two drinks produce relaxation and drowsiness. After 1 year, four drinks are needed to achieve the same relaxed, drowsy state. Why does this change occur?
- A. The alcohol is less potent.
- B. Tolerance develops.
- C. Antagonistic effects occur.
- D. Hypomagnesemia develops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to repeated exposure to alcohol, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Initially, two drinks were sufficient, but over time, the body adjusts, leading to the need for four drinks to achieve the same level of relaxation and drowsiness. This change is not due to the alcohol being less potent (A), antagonistic effects (C), or hypomagnesemia (D). Tolerance is a well-documented phenomenon in the context of alcohol consumption, explaining the increased amount needed to achieve the desired effect.