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What is the primary purpose of a cervical collar in the management of trauma patients?
- A. Maintaining spinal alignment.
- B. Immobilizing the cervical spine.
- C. Providing comfort and support.
- D. Facilitating airway management.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary purpose of a cervical collar in the management of trauma patients is to immobilize the cervical spine. This is crucial in cases of suspected cervical spine injury to prevent any further damage and to maintain spinal stability. By providing support and restricting movement in the cervical spine region, a cervical collar helps prevent potential spinal cord injuries and associated neurological deficits. It is essential to immobilize the cervical spine until a thorough evaluation can be carried out to determine the extent of injury, as any movement of the spine during this period can worsen the damage.
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systematic meta- analysis of the literature?
- A. An electronic database and doctoral dissertations
- B. An electronic database
- C. Doctoral dissertations
- D. The Cochrane Statistical Methods
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systematic meta-analysis of the literature typically involves synthesizing research findings from multiple studies on a particular topic. The most common way to gather relevant studies for a meta-analysis is by searching through electronic databases. These databases contain a wide range of peer-reviewed literature such as research articles, reviews, and conference papers. Using electronic databases ensures a comprehensive and systematic approach to finding all relevant studies needed for a meta-analysis. While doctoral dissertations and statistical methods such as those offered by Cochrane can also be valuable sources of information, an electronic database is the primary tool used for conducting a systematic meta-analysis of the literature.
Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction is promptly managed with ____.
- A. theophylline
- B. epinephrine
- C. costicosteroid
- D. diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are promptly managed with epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it helps counteract the severe symptoms by relaxing the muscles in the airways, constricting blood vessels, and decreasing swelling. It acts quickly to reverse the potentially life-threatening effects of the allergic reaction and is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively. Other medications like antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) and corticosteroids may be used as adjuncts, but epinephrine remains the primary treatment for immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely during ESA therapy?
- A. Serum potassium levels
- B. Hemoglobin levels
- C. Serum creatinine levels
- D. White blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management, the parameter that should be monitored closely by the nurse is the hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels indicate the patient's response to ESA therapy and are essential in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment in addressing anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps ensure that the patient's anemia is controlled within the target range to avoid both the risks of under-treatment (resulting in persistent anemia) and over-treatment (increased risk of adverse outcomes such as hypertension, stroke, or cardiovascular events).
In conducting a study on sleep, Nurse Trining was asked which of the types of research will be used should it involve collecting numerical data which is most often under considerable control. Her answer should be _________.
- A. Ichnographic
- B. Qualitative
- C. Phenomenological
- D. Quantitative
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Quantitative research is the type of research that involves collecting numerical data, which can be easily quantified and analyzed statistically. It is characterized by its structured methodology, objectivity, and the ability to control variables to a considerable extent. In the context of a study on sleep, where data related to sleep patterns, duration, quality, etc., need to be measured and analyzed in a systematic manner, quantitative research would be the most appropriate choice. This type of research allows for a more precise understanding of the relationships and patterns within the data, providing valuable insights into the sleep-related factors being studied.
The incoming nurse on duty reported, the nurse is administering a medication, the patient says, "This pill looks different from the one I had taken before. " What is the APPROPRIATE action of the nurse?
- A. Explain the purpose of the medication.
- B. Encourage the patient to take the medication.
- C. Check the original medication pre scription.
- D. Ask what the other pill looked 1ike.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a patient expresses concern about a medication looking different from what they had taken before, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the original prescription to ensure that the correct medication is being administered. Checking the original medication prescription will help the nurse confirm if there have been any changes or errors in the medication orders. This step is essential for patient safety and to prevent any potential medication errors. It is important to prioritize patient safety and well-being in such situations, and verifying the prescription is the appropriate action to take in this case.