Nokea
If the patient is unable to talk, how should the nurse BEST communicate to the patient?
- A. Enunciating the words slowly and well.
- B. By using picture cards
- C. Just stop as he could no longer understand.
- D. Talking loudly face-to-face with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient is unable to talk, the nurse can best communicate with the patient by using picture cards. Picture cards can help the patient convey their needs, feelings, or responses by pointing to the corresponding pictures. This method allows for effective communication and understanding between the patient and the nurse, even when verbal communication is not possible. It promotes patient autonomy and ensures that their needs are accurately communicated and addressed. Additionally, picture cards can be a useful tool in reducing frustration and anxiety for patients who are unable to communicate verbally.
You may also like to solve these questions
A patient presents with well-demarcated, hypopigmented macules with fine scaling, affecting the trunk and proximal extremities. The patient reports a history of sun exposure and outdoor activities. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Tinea versicolor
- B. Vitiligo
- C. Pityriasis rosea
- D. Seborrheic keratosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of tinea versicolor, a fungal skin infection caused by Malassezia furfur. The hypopigmented macules with fine scaling are often seen on the trunk and proximal extremities, particularly in areas that are more prone to sebum production. Patients with tinea versicolor may have a history of sun exposure and outdoor activities as the organism responsible for the infection thrives in warm, humid environments. Treatment typically involves the use of topical antifungal agents such as ketoconazole or selenium sulfide.
Nurse Maris is correct in identifying whinch of the following is a health resource problem?
- A. Increase in number of deaths fromm Pneumonia
- B. Feud between Midwife andHead of t he Sanitation Committee
- C. Absence of midwife in the communtiy to render health services
- D. High Maternal Mortality Rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer, C, reflects a health resource problem. The absence of a midwife in the community means that there is a lack of a critical health resource necessary for providing essential health services, especially for pregnant women and infants. This directly impacts the access to healthcare services and can contribute to negative health outcomes, such as high maternal mortality rates. The other options do not directly address a health resource problem but rather focus on specific issues or conflicts within the community.
A patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma presents with fever, chills, and generalized malaise. Laboratory tests reveal pancytopenia, circulating Reed-Sternberg cells, and bone marrow involvement. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- B. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
- C. Aplastic anemia
- D. Paraneoplastic syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient is presenting with symptoms and laboratory findings consistent with a paraneoplastic syndrome related to Hodgkin lymphoma. In this case, the fever, chills, generalized malaise, pancytopenia, circulating Reed-Sternberg cells, and bone marrow involvement are all indicative of a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with Hodgkin lymphoma. Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune response to a neoplasm, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, leading to various systemic manifestations.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage lung disease experiences dyspnea and anxiety. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer supplemental oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation.
- B. Teach the patient diaphragmatic breathing exercises for respiratory support.
- C. Prescribe benzodiazepine medications to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
- D. Refer the patient to a pulmonologist for evaluation and treatment of dyspnea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching the patient diaphragmatic breathing exercises for respiratory support would be the most appropriate intervention to address the symptoms of dyspnea and anxiety in this scenario. Diaphragmatic breathing, also known as belly breathing, focuses on engaging the diaphragm for deep, slow breaths, which can help improve lung expansion and ventilation. This technique can help the patient manage their breathing difficulty and reduce anxiety by promoting relaxation and improving oxygen exchange in the lungs. It empowers the patient with a coping strategy they can use independently to alleviate distressing symptoms at any time. Administering oxygen therapy may be beneficial, but the priority is to teach the patient a technique they can use proactively and routinely. Prescribing benzodiazepines should be considered as an adjunct if non-pharmacological interventions are ineffective in managing anxiety. Referring to a pulmonologist may be necessary for comprehensive evaluation and treatment but may not directly address the immediate symptoms of dyspnea and anxiety.
Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse TEACH the patient's care giver regarding tracheostomy care?
- A. Remove the tracheostomy tube if obstruction occurs
- B. Leave the tracheostomy ties in place until the physician change them
- C. Remove and clean the inner cannula daily
- D. Never put a covering over the tracheostomy stoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cleaning the inner cannula daily helps prevent the accumulation of secretions and debris, which can lead to blockages and infections. It is an essential aspect of tracheostomy care to maintain the patency of the airway and prevent complications. Caregivers should be taught how to safely remove, clean, and reinsert the inner cannula as part of routine tracheostomy care.