Nokea
If you place a pin through the greater omentum, through how many layers of simple squamous epithelium would the pin pass?
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (2 layers). The greater omentum consists of a double layer of peritoneum, which is a serous membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium. Therefore, when a pin is placed through the greater omentum, it would pass through two layers of simple squamous epithelium. Choice A (0) is incorrect because there are indeed layers of epithelium in the greater omentum. Choice B (1) is incorrect because there are two layers of epithelium. Choice D (3) is incorrect as there are only two layers to pass through.
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The nurse is assessing a patient who had an abdominal hysterectomy. Which of the following signs of infection should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Redness around the incision site
- B. A temperature of 99°F
- C. Complaints of mild abdominal cramping
- D. Purulent drainage from the incision site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Purulent drainage from the incision site. Purulent drainage indicates an active infection, requiring immediate attention and intervention to prevent serious complications. Redness and a low-grade fever can be common in the early stages of healing and may not necessarily indicate infection. Complaints of mild cramping are also common post-surgery and may not specifically point to infection. Purulent drainage is a more specific and concerning sign of infection as it indicates the presence of pus and bacteria at the incision site, requiring prompt medical evaluation and treatment to prevent further complications.
A patient who has chronic constipation asks the nurse about the use of psyllium (Metamucil). Which information will the nurse include in the response?
- A. Fiber-containing laxatives may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- B. Dietary sources of fiber should be eliminated to prevent excessive gas formation.
- C. Use of this type of laxative to prevent constipation does not cause adverse effects.
- D. Large amounts of fluid should be taken to prevent impaction or bowel obstruction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D:
- Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative that works by absorbing water in the intestines, forming a gel-like mass that helps with bowel movements.
- Taking large amounts of fluid is essential when using psyllium to prevent the gel-like mass from hardening and causing impaction or bowel obstruction.
- Adequate fluid intake is crucial for the safe and effective use of psyllium as a laxative.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
- Choice A is incorrect because fiber-containing laxatives like psyllium do not directly impact the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- Choice B is incorrect as dietary sources of fiber should not be eliminated entirely but rather balanced to prevent excessive gas.
- Choice C is incorrect as all medications, including laxatives, can have potential adverse effects; however, psyllium is generally well-tolerated when used appropriately.
Infarction of the bowel may be caused by:
- A. volvulus
- B. mesenteric artery thrombosis
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infarction of the bowel may be caused by a volvulus, where the bowel twists on its mesentery, leading to compromised blood flow. Mesenteric artery thrombosis can also cause bowel infarction by obstructing blood supply. Therefore, the correct answer is C (both). Choices A and B are incorrect because each of them individually can cause bowel infarction.
Which is not a feature of digestive motility?
- A. Peristalsis only involves forward movements
- B. Segmentation involves mechanical digestion of food
- C. Peristalsis is present in the oesophagus, stomach and small/large intestines
- D. Segmentation is present in the stomach, small and large intestines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Peristalsis involves coordinated waves of muscle contractions that propel food forward. However, peristalsis can also involve backward movements to help with mixing and digestion. Therefore, the statement that peristalsis only involves forward movements is incorrect. Segmentation involves mixing and breaking down food through contractions that occur in non-unidirectional patterns. Peristalsis can be found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, while segmentation is mainly present in the small intestine. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect based on the explanations provided.
Glucose absorption from the small intestine is by:
- A. Simple passive diffusion.
- B. Sodium-glucose co-transport system.
- C. Osmosis.
- D. Primary active transport.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium-glucose co-transport system. This system involves the active transport of glucose across the small intestine epithelial cells with the help of sodium ions. This mechanism allows for the absorption of glucose against its concentration gradient, ensuring efficient uptake. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Simple passive diffusion is not efficient for glucose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. C) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules, not glucose. D) Primary active transport involves the direct use of energy to transport molecules, which is not the case for glucose absorption in the small intestine.