NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

Nurse Hannah is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention:

  • A. A sedentary lifestyle and smoking.
  • B. A history of hemorrhoids and smoking.
  • C. Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure.
  • D. Alcohol abuse and smoking.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol abuse and smoking. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are well-established risk factors for peptic ulcers. Alcohol can irritate and damage the stomach lining, while smoking can increase stomach acid production and weaken the stomach lining. These factors can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.

Choice A (A sedentary lifestyle and smoking) is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor, a sedentary lifestyle is not directly linked to the development of peptic ulcers.

Choice B (A history of hemorrhoids and smoking) is incorrect because hemorrhoids are not a known risk factor for peptic ulcers.

Choice C (Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure) is incorrect because acute renal failure is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers, unlike alcohol abuse.

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Which is not a feature of digestive motility?

  • A. Peristalsis only involves forward movements
  • B. Segmentation involves mechanical digestion of food
  • C. Peristalsis is present in the oesophagus, stomach and small/large intestines
  • D. Segmentation is present in the stomach, small and large intestines
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Peristalsis involves coordinated waves of muscle contractions that propel food forward. However, peristalsis can also involve backward movements to help with mixing and digestion. Therefore, the statement that peristalsis only involves forward movements is incorrect. Segmentation involves mixing and breaking down food through contractions that occur in non-unidirectional patterns. Peristalsis can be found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, while segmentation is mainly present in the small intestine. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect based on the explanations provided.

Glucose absorption from the small intestine is by:

  • A. Simple passive diffusion.
  • B. Sodium-glucose co-transport system.
  • C. Osmosis.
  • D. Primary active transport.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium-glucose co-transport system. This system involves the active transport of glucose across the small intestine epithelial cells with the help of sodium ions. This mechanism allows for the absorption of glucose against its concentration gradient, ensuring efficient uptake. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Simple passive diffusion is not efficient for glucose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. C) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules, not glucose. D) Primary active transport involves the direct use of energy to transport molecules, which is not the case for glucose absorption in the small intestine.

Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?

  • A. breakdown products of digestion
  • B. distension
  • C. pH of chyme
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the above.
1. Breakdown products of digestion activate chemoreceptors in the digestive organs.
2. Distension triggers stretch receptors in the walls of the organs.
3. pH of chyme stimulates pH receptors.
4. All three stimuli work together to regulate and coordinate digestive processes.
Therefore, D is correct as all options activate sensors in the walls of digestive organs.

Choice A is incorrect because it only refers to chemoreceptors, overlooking the other types of receptors involved.
Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions distension, omitting the roles of chemical stimuli.
Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on pH receptors, neglecting the other types of sensors involved in digestion.

Mechanical digestion begins in the:

  • A. mouth
  • B. stomach
  • C. small intestine
  • D. large intestine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mouth. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva, breaking down into smaller pieces for easier swallowing and digestion. This process increases the surface area of food for enzymes to act upon. The stomach (B) primarily performs chemical digestion, the small intestine (C) is where most chemical digestion and absorption occur, and the large intestine (D) is mainly responsible for water absorption and formation of feces. Thus, the mouth is the correct choice for the beginning of mechanical digestion.

A 40-year-old severely obese female patient with type 2 diabetes wants to lose weight. After learning about the surgical procedures

  • A. she thinks a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery would be best. Which procedure should the nurse teach her about?
  • B. Lipectomy
  • C. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
  • D. Adjustable gastric banding
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipectomy. This procedure involves the removal of excess fat tissue, which can help the patient achieve weight loss. In contrast, options C and D are bariatric surgeries, which are not solely focused on fat removal and may not be suitable for this patient given her age and medical history. Option A, a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery, may pose higher risks for complications in a severely obese patient with diabetes. Lipectomy is a more targeted and less invasive approach to weight loss, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

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