Nokea
Which type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student who has an isolated drinking binge?
- A. Acute gastritis
- B. Chronic gastritis
- C. Helicobacter pylori gastritis
- D. Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute gastritis. This type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student after an isolated drinking binge due to the irritation caused by excessive alcohol consumption on the stomach lining. The rapid onset of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain align with acute gastritis. Chronic gastritis (B) develops over time with prolonged irritation, not from a one-time binge. Helicobacter pylori gastritis (C) is typically associated with a bacterial infection rather than alcohol consumption. Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (D) is a chronic condition associated with autoimmune reactions, not acute alcohol-induced irritation as seen in this scenario.
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The hepatic sinusoids receive oxygenated and unoxygenated blood. The blood vessels that provide mixed blood to the sinusoids are the
- A. hepatic artery and hepatic vein.
- B. hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein.
- C. hepatic portal artery and hepatic portal vein.
- D. hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver.
2. The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich but deoxygenated blood from the digestive system.
3. The hepatic sinusoids receive blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein, creating a mix of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood.
4. Choice D (hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein) is correct as it accurately reflects the blood vessels providing mixed blood to the hepatic sinusoids.
Summary:
- Choice A (hepatic artery and hepatic vein) is incorrect as the hepatic vein carries deoxygenated blood.
- Choice B (hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as it does not include the artery supplying oxygenated blood.
- Choice C (hepatic portal artery and hepatic portal vein) is incorrect as there is no such thing as a hepatic portal artery.
Infarction of the bowel may be caused by:
- A. volvulus
- B. mesenteric artery thrombosis
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infarction of the bowel may be caused by a volvulus, where the bowel twists on its mesentery, leading to compromised blood flow. Mesenteric artery thrombosis can also cause bowel infarction by obstructing blood supply. Therefore, the correct answer is C (both). Choices A and B are incorrect because each of them individually can cause bowel infarction.
A nurse is reviewing the provider's prescriptions for a client experiencing a paralytic ileus following an appendectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse expect to take?
- A. Administer an antacid.
- B. Provide a bulk-forming agent.
- C. Insert nasogastric tube.
- D. Apply a truss.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insert nasogastric tube. In a paralytic ileus, the intestines are unable to contract and move contents, leading to bowel obstruction. Inserting a nasogastric tube helps decompress the intestines by removing gas and fluid, relieving discomfort and preventing further complications. Administering an antacid (A) is not indicated for paralytic ileus. Providing a bulk-forming agent (B) may exacerbate the obstruction. Applying a truss (D) is used for hernias, not for paralytic ileus.
The parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region produce ______ that bonds with Vitamin ______ to make it more readily absorbed in the ileum.
- A. hydrochloric acid; B12
- B. mucus; D
- C. pepsinogen; D
- D. intrinsic factor; B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the pyloric region. Intrinsic factor forms a complex with Vitamin B12, which is essential for its absorption in the ileum. This mechanism is crucial for preventing Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Choice A is incorrect because hydrochloric acid is produced by parietal cells but does not bond with Vitamin B12 for absorption. Choice B is incorrect as mucus is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption. Choice C is incorrect as pepsinogen is not responsible for facilitating Vitamin B12 absorption.
A 40-year-old severely obese female patient with type 2 diabetes wants to lose weight. After learning about the surgical procedures
- A. she thinks a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery would be best. Which procedure should the nurse teach her about?
- B. Lipectomy
- C. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- D. Adjustable gastric banding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipectomy. This procedure involves the removal of excess fat tissue, which can help the patient achieve weight loss. In contrast, options C and D are bariatric surgeries, which are not solely focused on fat removal and may not be suitable for this patient given her age and medical history. Option A, a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery, may pose higher risks for complications in a severely obese patient with diabetes. Lipectomy is a more targeted and less invasive approach to weight loss, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.