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In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?
- A. Iron
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Magnesium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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Churns chyme and has an environment of pH2; holds 4-6 cups of food:
- A. stomach
- B. pancreas
- C. large intestine
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The two members of the health care team who work closely to monitor drug-nutrient interactions are the:
- A. physician and nurse
- B. physician and pharmacist
- C. nurse and clinical dietitian
- D. clinical dietitian and pharmacist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: clinical dietitian and pharmacist. Clinical dietitians and pharmacists work closely together to monitor and manage drug-nutrient interactions. While physicians and nurses play essential roles in patient care, they are not typically the primary professionals involved in monitoring drug-nutrient interactions. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
Which of the following are the primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries?
- A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species
- B. Salmonella and Listeria species
- C. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species
- D. Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are primarily responsible for initiating dental caries by fermenting carbohydrates and producing acids that demineralize enamel. Choice B, Salmonella and Listeria species, are not the primary bacteria involved in dental caries. Choice C includes Salmonella which is not a primary culprit in dental caries. Choice D lists Listeria, Botulinum species, and Escherichia coli, none of which are the primary bacteria associated with initiating dental caries.
What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with heart failure?
- A. risk for infection
- B. fluid volume excess
- C. impaired body temperature
- D. ineffective airway clearance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with heart failure is 'fluid volume excess.' In heart failure, the heart's reduced pumping ability leads to fluid retention, causing an excess of fluid in the body. This can result in symptoms such as edema, shortness of breath, and weight gain. 'Risk for infection,' 'impaired body temperature,' and 'ineffective airway clearance' are not the most appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with heart failure as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology and common issues seen in heart failure patients.
Which group is least susceptible to insufficient intake of protein?
- A. The elderly
- B. Individuals with low income
- C. Adults participating in endurance exercise
- D. Patients who are chronically ill
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adults who participate in endurance exercise are typically more aware of their nutritional needs and have higher protein intake compared to other groups. The rationale behind why the other choices are incorrect is as follows:
A: The elderly are often at a higher risk of insufficient protein intake due to various factors such as reduced appetite, dental issues, and decreased muscle mass.
B: Individuals with low income may struggle to afford protein-rich foods, making them more susceptible to insufficient protein intake.
D: Patients who are chronically ill may have specific dietary restrictions or challenges that can lead to inadequate protein consumption.