Nokea
In a Punnett square, a capital letter represents what type of allele?
- A. Dominant.
- B. Ryeesive.
- C. Homozygous.
- D. Heterozygous.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Dominant.
Rationale:
1. In a Punnett square, capital letters denote dominant alleles.
2. Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype over recessive alleles.
3. This representation helps predict the possible offspring genotypes.
4. Choice B is incorrect as it's a misspelling of 'Recessive.'
5. Choices C and D refer to genotype combinations, not allele types.
Summary:
The capital letter in a Punnett square signifies a dominant allele that will be expressed in the offspring's phenotype. This helps in predicting genetic outcomes accurately.
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What substances make up the bilayer of the cellular membrane?
- A. Nucleic acids
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Proteins
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cellular membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids. This phospholipid bilayer forms a flexible barrier around the cell, providing structural integrity and fluidity. While proteins and carbohydrates are also present in the cell membrane, the main component of the membrane's structure is the phospholipid bilayer, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's functions.
In a population of dogs, fur color is controlled by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele shows complete dominance. If a dog has a tan fur phenotype, what is its genotype?
- A. BB
- B. Bb
- C. bb
- D. Not enough information
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a dog displays a tan fur phenotype, it indicates that the dog possesses two tan alleles, represented by the genotype bb. In this case, the dog cannot have any black alleles (B) since the black allele demonstrates complete dominance over the tan allele. Therefore, the correct genotype for a dog with a tan fur phenotype is bb.
What part of a light microscope is used to hold the slide in place?
- A. Base
- B. Arm
- C. Rack stop
- D. Stage clips
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Stage clips.' Stage clips are utilized to secure the slide on the stage of a light microscope, ensuring it remains in position while examining the specimen. The base of the microscope provides stability, the arm supports the upper part of the microscope, and the rack stop restricts the movement of the stage. However, specifically, it is the stage clips that hold the slide in place during observations.
Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer):
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Ribosome
- D. Chloroplast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chloroplasts are unique to plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts as they do not perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is D - Chloroplast. The cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells, serving as a protective barrier, while the cell wall is a rigid structure present in plant cells that provides support and protection. Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis and are present in both plant and animal cells.
Which aspect of a biological system explains why a protein's unique shape determines what it does?
- A. Patterns of Inheritance.
- B. Taxonomy.
- C. Structure and function.
- D. Scientific method.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because structure and function are closely related in biology. A protein's unique shape determines its function due to the specific arrangement of amino acids, influencing its interactions with other molecules. A and B are irrelevant to the relationship between a protein's shape and its function. The scientific method is a process for conducting experiments, not directly related to the physical properties of proteins.