Nokea
In addition to antibiotics, which of the ff. recommendations can the nurse make to increase comfort in a patient experiencing sinusitis? Choose all answers that are correct. i. Coughing and deep breathing iv. Room humidifier ii. Sinus irrigation v. Percussion and postural drainage iii. Hot moist packs vi. Semi-fowler’s position
- A. 1 ,2 and 5
- B. 1, 3, 4 and 5
- C. 3, 4 and 6
- D. 2, 4, 5 and 6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2, 4, 5, and 6.
1. Room humidifier (choice 2) helps to keep the air moist, which can ease sinus pressure and discomfort.
2. Hot moist packs (choice 4) can provide relief by reducing congestion and promoting sinus drainage.
3. Percussion and postural drainage (choice 5) can help loosen mucus and improve drainage.
4. Semi-fowler's position (choice 6) can also aid in drainage and reduce sinus pressure.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not include all the recommended interventions that can help increase comfort in a patient with sinusitis. Each of the incorrect choices is missing at least one crucial recommendation that is beneficial for managing sinusitis symptoms.
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A patient reports on admission being “very sick” after taking erythromycin in the past. The patient is to receive erythromycin now. Which of the following actions should the nurse take regarding giving the antibiotic?
- A. Give the antibiotic
- B. Do not give the antibiotic
- C. Give half of the dose
- D. Discontinue the antibiotic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not give the antibiotic. This is because the patient has a history of being "very sick" after taking erythromycin in the past, indicating a potential allergic reaction or severe adverse effects. The nurse should not administer the antibiotic to prevent harm to the patient. Choice A is incorrect as it can lead to a repeat adverse reaction. Choice C, giving half the dose, still exposes the patient to potential harm. Choice D, discontinuing the antibiotic, is also incorrect as it implies the patient has already started the medication, which should not be the case given the history of adverse effects.
During a breast examination, which finding most strongly suggests that the client has breast cancer?
- A. Slight asymmetry of the breasts
- B. A fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin
- C. Bloody discharge from the nipple
- D. Multiple firm, round, freely movable masses that change with the menstrual cycle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin is a classic sign of breast cancer. This finding is concerning as it indicates an abnormal growth that has invaded surrounding tissues. Dimpling occurs due to fibrotic changes pulling on the skin. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A slight asymmetry of the breasts is common and not necessarily indicative of cancer. Bloody discharge from the nipple can be a sign of other conditions like intraductal papilloma. Multiple firm, round, freely movable masses that change with the menstrual cycle are likely benign fibrocystic changes.
Which of the following statements would be the nurse's response to a famiiy member asking questions about a client's transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
- A. "I think you should ask the doctor. Would you like me to cail him for you?"
- B. " The blood supply to the brain has decreased causing permanent brain damage."
- C. "It Is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain."
- D. "TIA means a transient ischemic attack."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "It is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain." This response is correct because it accurately describes a transient ischemic attack (TIA) as a temporary condition where blood flow to the brain is briefly interrupted. This explanation is clear, concise, and provides the family member with an accurate understanding of TIA.
Choice A is incorrect because it deflects the question and suggests involving the doctor unnecessarily. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that TIA causes permanent brain damage, which is not true. Choice D is incorrect as it simply defines the acronym without providing any meaningful information about what TIA actually is.
The nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing’s syndrome. In a client with Cushing’s syndrome, the nurse would expect to find:
- A. hypotension
- B. thick, coarse skin
- C. deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area
- D. weight gain in arms and legs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area. In Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to central obesity with fat accumulation in the trunk and dorsocervical area (buffalo hump). This is due to cortisol's role in redistributing fat.
A: hypotension is incorrect because individuals with Cushing's syndrome typically have hypertension due to the effects of excess cortisol on blood pressure regulation.
B: thick, coarse skin is incorrect as individuals with Cushing's syndrome may have thin, fragile skin due to decreased collagen formation.
D: weight gain in arms and legs is incorrect as the weight gain in Cushing's syndrome tends to be centralized in the trunk and face rather than the extremities.
Which of the ff. is the best explanation of emphysema for a newly diagnosed patient?
- A. “You have inflamed bronchioles, which causes a lot of secretions.”
- B. “Your lungs have lost some of their elasticity, and air gets trapped.”
- C. “The blood supply to your lungs is damaged, so you can’t absorb oxygen.”
- D. “You have large dilated sacs of sputum in your lungs.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli walls, leading to a loss of elasticity in the lungs. This results in air becoming trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale properly.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Inflamed bronchioles causing secretions describe bronchitis, not emphysema.
C: Damage to the blood supply isn't a primary feature of emphysema; it's more about lung tissue destruction.
D: Large dilated sacs of sputum in the lungs is not an accurate description of emphysema; it's more related to bronchiectasis.