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In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
- A. Suicide and cancer
- B. Suicide and homicide
- C. Drowning and cancer
- D. Homicide and heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths in this age group.
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The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
- B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
- C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water.
- D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the childs race and ethnicity; dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?
- A. Congenital anomalies
- B. Sudden infant death syndrome
- C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
- D. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for 16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.
The nurse is evaluating research studies according to the GRADE criteria and has determined the quality of evidence on the subject is moderate. Which type of evidence does this determination indicate?
- A. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies
- B. Evidence from randomized clinical trials showed inconsistent results
- C. Consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials
- D. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials had serious flaws
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence from randomized clinical trials with important limitations indicates that the evidence is of moderate quality. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies and consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials indicates high quality. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials that has serious flaws indicates low quality.
The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?
- A. We should watch for aggressive play.
- B. Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress.
- C. We know that our child will show caring behaviors.
- D. Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching. Children living with chronic violence may exhibit behaviors such as difficulty concentrating in school, memory impairment, aggressive play, uncaring behaviors, and lasting symptoms of stress.
An adolescent patient wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which moral value is the nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?
- A. Justice
- B. Autonomy
- C. Beneficence
- D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the patients right to be self-governing. The adolescent is trying to be autonomous, so the nurse is supporting this value. Justice is the concept of fairness. Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patients well-being. Nonmaleficence is the obligation to minimize or prevent harm.