Nokea
In an adult patient with bronchiectasis, what is a nursing assessment likely to reveal?
- A. Chest trauma
- B. Childhood asthma
- C. Smoking or oral tobacco use
- D. Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In an adult patient with bronchiectasis, a nursing assessment is likely to reveal recurrent lower respiratory tract infections due to the damaged and widened airways in the lungs.
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Tuberculosis in man is caused by
- A. A type of bacteria
- B. A virus
- C. A protozon
- D. Malnutrition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A type of bacteria. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a type of bacteria. This bacterium infects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. The other choices (B: A virus, C: A protozoan, D: Malnutrition) are incorrect because tuberculosis is specifically caused by a bacterial infection, not a virus, protozoan, or malnutrition. Bacteria can be identified through specific staining techniques and culture methods, distinguishing them from viruses and protozoa. Malnutrition is a risk factor for developing tuberculosis but is not the direct cause of the disease.
Tachypnoea means
- A. Rapid shallow breathing
- B. Rapid deep breathing
- C. Slow and shallow breathing
- D. Slow and deep breathing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rapid shallow breathing. Tachypnoea refers to an increased respiratory rate, which can lead to shallow breathing. Rapid breathing helps to compensate for inadequate oxygen levels. Choice B is incorrect because tachypnoea is not typically associated with deep breathing. Choices C and D are incorrect as they describe slow breathing patterns, which are opposite to tachypnoea.
While assessing a client who has facial trauma the nurse auscultates stridor. The client is anxious and restless. What action would the nurse take first?
- A. Contact the primary health care provider and prepare for intubation.
- B. Administer prescribed albuterol nebulizer therapy.
- C. Place the client in high-Fowler position.
- D. Ask the client to perform deep-breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Stridor indicates upper airway obstruction, which can quickly progress to respiratory distress. As the client is anxious and restless, immediate intervention is crucial. Contacting the primary health care provider and preparing for intubation is the priority to secure the airway and ensure adequate oxygenation. Administering albuterol, positioning in high-Fowler, or deep-breathing exercises are not appropriate as they do not address the acute airway compromise.
The ________ inhibit the apneustic centers and promote passive or active exhalation.
- A. DRG
- B. VRG
- C. pneumotaxic centers
- D. LRG
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pneumotaxic centers. The pneumotaxic centers are located in the pons and regulate the rate and depth of breathing by inhibiting the apneustic centers in the medulla. This inhibition helps to promote passive or active exhalation.
A: DRG (dorsal respiratory group) is responsible for the initiation of inspiration.
B: VRG (ventral respiratory group) is involved in both inspiration and expiration.
D: LRG is not a recognized respiratory center in the brainstem.
In summary, the pneumotaxic centers play a crucial role in regulating breathing by inhibiting the apneustic centers, leading to exhalation.
Which blood pressure (BP) finding by the nurse indicates that no changes in therapy are needed for a 78-yr-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension?
- A. 98/56 mm Hg
- B. 118/76 mm Hg
- C. 128/92 mm Hg
- D. 142/78 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (118/76 mm Hg) because it falls within the recommended range for a 78-year-old patient with hypertension. The systolic BP should ideally be below 140 mm Hg and the diastolic BP below 90 mm Hg for this age group. Option A is too low for systolic BP, indicating hypotension. Option C has elevated diastolic BP, suggesting uncontrolled hypertension. Option D has high systolic BP, indicating a need for therapy adjustment. Thus, only option B aligns with the guidelines, making it the correct choice.