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In inspecting the scrotum, the nurse documents which finding as normal?
- A. The epididymides are round, solid nodular masses.
- B. The scrotum is deeply pigmented with a rugous surface.
- C. The scrotal skin is a lighter color than the body skin.
- D. The vas deferens is palpable bilaterally.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a deeply pigmented scrotum with a rugous surface is considered normal. This indicates good blood supply and melanin production. A: Epididymides should feel smooth and distinct, not as solid nodular masses. C: Scrotal skin should be the same color or slightly darker than the body skin. D: The vas deferens should not be palpable in a normal scrotal exam.
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Which of the following is greater after birth than before birth?
- A. Flow through the foramen ovale
- B. Pressure in the right atrium
- C. Flow through the ductus arteriosus
- D. Aortic pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. After birth, the foramen ovale closes, reducing flow (A)
2. Pressure in the right atrium decreases due to closing of fetal shunts (B)
3. Ductus arteriosus closes, reducing flow (C)
4. Aortic pressure increases as systemic circulation begins (D)
Summary:
A, B, and C decrease after birth due to closure of fetal shunts, while D increases as systemic circulation takes over, making it the correct choice.
Sella turcica is a __________ in the sphenoid bone in which
- B. Groove
- C. Projection
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depression. Sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland. It is not a groove (B) as it is a deeper concavity. It is not a projection (C) as it is a recessed area rather than a raised structure. It is not a foramen (A) as it is a hollowed-out area rather than a small opening. Therefore, the most accurate description of sella turcica is a depression in the sphenoid bone.
The __________________ is a thick, muscular organ that can expand to accommodate a developing baby.
- A. Uterus
- B. Ovary
- C. Vulva
- D. Breast
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterus. The uterus is a thick, muscular organ located in the lower abdomen where a developing baby grows during pregnancy. It can expand significantly to accommodate the growth of the fetus. The ovaries (B) are responsible for producing eggs, not for accommodating a developing baby. The vulva (C) refers to the external female genitalia, not the organ that supports pregnancy. The breast (D) is responsible for producing milk after childbirth, not for housing a developing baby.
A nurse expects to find which manifestations in the male patient who has both Chlamydia and gonorrhea?
- A. Painful urination and purulent urethral discharge
- B. A single, firm painless open sore on the shaft of the penis
- C. Red superficial vesicles on the shaft of the penis
- D. A single or a cluster of wartlike growth in the anal-rectal area
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because painful urination and purulent urethral discharge are classic manifestations of both Chlamydia and gonorrhea in male patients. Painful urination, known as dysuria, is a common symptom of these sexually transmitted infections due to inflammation of the urethra. Purulent urethral discharge is also typical and results from the infection of the urethral mucosa.
Option B is incorrect as a single, firm, painless open sore on the shaft of the penis is a classic presentation of syphilis, not Chlamydia or gonorrhea. Option C is incorrect as red superficial vesicles on the shaft of the penis are characteristic of genital herpes. Option D is incorrect as a single or a cluster of wartlike growth in the anal-rectal area is typical of genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
An 86-year-old woman had an anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A and P repair) several days ago. The client has been unwilling to ambulate or cough effectively. Her retention catheter was discontinued 8 hours ago. Which information obtained during your assessment has the most immediate implications for her care?
- A. Oral temperature is 100.7°F.
- B. Abdomen is firm and tender to palpation above the symphysis pubis.
- C. Breath sounds are decreased with fine crackles audible at both bases.
- D. Apical pulse is 86 and slightly irregular.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A firm, tender abdomen suggests urinary retention, requiring immediate action.